The role of reelin in the development and evolution of the cerebral cortex

Tissir, Fadel; Rouvroit, Catherine Lambert de; Goffinet, André M.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2002001200007

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Reelin is an extracellular matrix signaling molecule that played a crucial role in the evolution of the cerebral cortex in mammals by regulating its layering during development (Tissir et al, 2002). Besides controlling the radial migration of cortical neurons, Reelin is also required for the differentiation and maturation of dendrites and dendritic spines (Forster et al, 2010, Frotscher, 2010.…”

Section: Reelin Expression Within Olfactory-limbic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decisive role of Reelin signaling during early stages of Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2013

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the largest unmet medical concerns of our society. Around 25 million patients worldwide together with their families are still waiting for an effective treatment. We have recently initiated a re-evaluation of our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sporadic AD. Based on the existing literature, we have proposed a mechanistic explanation of how the late-onset form of the disease may evolve on the cellular level. Here, we expand this hypothesis by addressing the pathophysiological changes underlying the early and almost invariant appearance of the neurofibrillary tangles, the only reliable correlate of the cognitive status, in distinct brain areas and their consistent "spread" along interconnected neurons as the disease advances. In this review we present and discuss novel evidence that the extracellular signaling protein Reelin, expressed along the olfactory and limbic pathways in the adult brain, might hold a key to understand the earliest steps of the disease, highlighting the olfactory pathway as the brain's Achilles heel involved in the initiation of the pathophysiological characteristic of late-onset AD. AbstractAlzheimer`s disease (AD) is one of the largest unmet medical needs of our society. Around 25 million patients worldwide together with their families are still waiting for an effective treatment. We have recently initiated a re-evaluation of our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sporadic AD. Based on the existing literature, we have proposed a mechanistic explanation of how the late-onset form of the disease may evolve on the cellular level. Here, we expand this hypothesis by addressing the pathophysiological changes underlying the early and almost invariant appearance of the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the only reliable correlate of the cognitive status, in distinct brain areas and their consistent "spread" along interconnected neurons as the disease advances. In this review we present and discuss novel evidence that the extracellular signaling protein Reelin, expressed along the olfactory and limbic pathways in the adult brain, might hold a key to understand the earliest steps of the disease, highlighting the olfactory pathway as the brain's Achilles heel involved in the initiation of the pathophysiology characteristic of late-onset AD.3

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Section: Reelin Expression Within Olfactory-limbic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decisive role of Reelin signaling during early stages of Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2013

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“…l VP progenitors selectively labeled with a Dbx1 probe at E13.5. ulation of the radial glia processes that guide them [Campbell and Götz, 2002;Tissir et al, 2002;Frotscher et al, 2009].…”

Section: Tangential Migration Of Heterogeneous Cr Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, there is increasing evidence that these migrating pallial cells exert mitogenic and patterning effects on the dorsopallial progenitors, thus bearing upon the areal and radial (total volume) dimensioning and regionalization of the neocortex . Moreover, such migrations and the corresponding signaling mechanisms seem to be much less developed in reptiles and birds (and most probably also in anamniotes) than in mammals Tissir et al, 2002;Molnár et al, 2006;Cabrera-Socorro et al, 2007;Meyer, 2010;Abellan et al, 2010a, b].…”

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confidence: 99%

Pallio-Pallial Tangential Migrations and Growth Signaling: New Scenario for Cortical Evolution?

Puelles¹

2011

Brain Behav Evol

120

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Observations accruing in recent years imply that the areal patterning and size dimensioning of the mammalian neocortex are influenced by diverse sets of tangentially migrating glutamatergic neurons that invade the cortical plate and, in so doing, modify the properties of the neopallial proliferative compartments. This developmental scenario sheds new light upon the old issue of how the mammalian neocortex evolved its more complex structure from nonmammalian antecedent forms. In reviewing these novelties, I first point out the topological position of the neopallial island as a central component of the pallium in all gnathostomes, surrounded by a ring of prospective allocortical pallial regions and a more distant set of peripheral neighboring forebrain areas. Early patterning arises from the periphery via passive planar signaling. This process probably establishes the pallium field and its basic island plus allocortical ring organization, as well as a rough prepatterning of some regional subareas. Afterwards, patterning and modulated growth are also actively influenced by the convergence of separate streams of tangentially migrating subpial cells (partly peripheral and partly allocortical in origin) which collectively form the Cajal-Retzius neuronal population in layer I. Effects of these cells include the inside-out stratification of the cortical plate and they may also contribute to the evolutionary emergence of the 6-layered neocortical structure. The most recent addition to our knowledge of pallio-pallial migrations is the existence of a subsequent deep tangential migration of ventropallial cells into the neopallial primordium, whose signaling influence upon local progenitors magnifies the cortex population by 20%. These glutamatergic cells dispersedly invade the entire cortex but largely die postnatally. The crucial implications of these data for comparative thinking on mammalian neocortex evolution and interpretation of potential homologs in sauropsids are explored. Finally, a new conjecture regarding a possible role of the hitherto disregarded lateral pallium is advanced.

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“…Additionally, migrating neurons fail to establish an inside-out pattern of cortical layers [26]. Thus, in the reeler mutant, neurons that migrate earlier during development are placed in the outer aspect of the cortex, leading to an outside-in pattern of cortical layers [23,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Reelin In Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%