Somaclonal variation: a morphogenetic and biochemical analysis of Mandevilla velutina cultured cells

Abstract

Cell cultures of Mandevilla velutina have proved to be an interesting production system for biomass and secondary metabolites able to inhibit the hypotensive activity of bradykinin, a nonapeptide generated in plasma during tissue trauma. The crude ethyl acetate extract of cultured cells contains about 31-to 79-fold more potent anti-bradykinin compounds (e.g., velutinol A) than that obtained with equivalent extracts of tubers. Somaclonal variation may be an explanation for the wide range of inhibitor activity found in the cell cultures. The heterogeneity concerning morphology, differentiation, carbon dissimilation, and velutinol A production in M. velutina cell cultures is reported. Cell cultures showed an asynchronous growth and cells in distinct developmental stages. Meristematic cells were found as the major type, with several morphological variations. Cell aggregates consisting only of meristematic cells, differentiated cells containing specialized cell structures such as functional chloroplasts (cytodifferentiation) and cells with embryogenetic characteristics were observed. The time course for sucrose metabolism indicated cell populations with significant differences in growth and metabolic rates, with the highest biomass-producing cell line showing a cell cycle 60% shorter and a metabolic rate 33.6% higher than the control (F 2 cell population). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis of velutinol A in selected cell lines demonstrated the existence of velutinol A producing and nonproducing somaclones. These results point to a high genetic heterogeneity in general and also in terms of secondary metabolite content.

Elicitation of Bacoside Content Using Plant Growth Regulators in Cell Suspension Culture of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.

“…In which, early stages of culture the clumped cells showed round cells, while elongated in later stages (Fig. 3a-c), such results were observed by Maraschin et al (2002) in Mandevilla velutina cell culture and reported that the meristematic cells showed typical round shape in initial growth phases, whereas elongated cells in exponential phases. Cell biomass was influenced by the different concentrations of plant growth regulators in suspension culture.…”

Glutathione and copper ions as critical factors of green plant regeneration efficiency of triticale in vitro anther culture

“…Preliminary studies of TCIV showed its linkage with GPRE ( Bednarek et al, 2021a ). Moreover, the two phenomena’ origin might be based on biochemical processes ( Maraschin et al, 2002 ; Kumari et al, 2009 ; Makowska and Oleszczuk, 2014 ). It was suggested that the callose interstitial layer in microspores might be necessary for new plant regeneration efficiency ( Rivas-Sendra et al, 2019 ; Dubas et al, 2021 ; Zieliński et al, 2021 ).…”