Heart rate variability under resting conditions in postmenopausal and young women

Ribeiro, T. F.; Azevedo, George Dantas de; Crescêncio, Júlio César; Marães, V. R. F. S.; Papa, Valéria; Catai, Aparecida Maria; Verzola, R. M. M.; Oliveira, L.; Sá, Marcos Felipe Silva de; Júnior, Lourenço Gallo; Silva, E

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2001000700006

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have also shown changes in the autonomic control of HR following natural (12)(13)(14)27) or surgical menopause (15). In agreement with the results of these studies, our results show that menopause can cause an imbalance of the autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system that shifts toward sympathetic hyperactivity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Autonomic modulation of heart rate of young and postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy

Neves¹,

Sá²,

Junior³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The aim of the present study was to determine whether estrogen therapy (ET) reduces alterations of the autonomic control of heart rate (HR) due to hypoestrogenism and aging. Thirteen young (24 ± 2.6 years), 10 postmenopausal (53 ± 4.6 years) undergoing ET (PM-ET), and 14 postmenopausal (56 ± 2.6 years) women not undergoing ET (PM) were studied. ET consisted of 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogen. HR was recorded continuously for 8 min at rest in the supine and sitting positions. HR variability (HRV) was analyzed by time (SDNN and rMSSD indices) and frequency domain methods. Power spectral components are reported as normalized units (nu) at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies, and as LF/HF ratio. Intergroup comparisons: SDNN index was higher in young (median: supine, 47 ms; sitting, 42 ms) than in PM-ET (33; 29 ms) and PM (31; 29 ms) women (P < 0.05). PM showed lower HFnu, higher LFnu and higher LF/HF ratio (supine: 44, 56, 1.29; sitting: 38, 62, 1.60) than the young group in the supine position (61, 39, 0.63) and the PM-ET group in the sitting position (57, 43, 0.75; P < 0.05). Intragroup comparisons: HR was lower in the supine than in the sitting position for all groups (P < 0.05). The HRV decrease from the supine to the sitting position was significant only in the young group. These results suggest that HRV decreases during aging. ET seems to attenuate this process, promoting a reduction in sympathetic activity on the heart and contributing to the cardioprotective effect of estrogen hormones.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Autonomic modifications of cardiovascular control have also been observed in the aging process (11,12). In women, both aging and postmenopausal hormonal changes contribute to modifications of the autonomic control of the heart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic modulation of heart rate of young and postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy

Neves¹,

Sá²,

Junior³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…According to Hautamäki et al (50), hot flashes and HRT were not related to the changes in HRV. The absence of clinically meaningful relationships between cardiovascular autonomic indices and vasomotor symptoms in menopause revealed in our study agree with some other results (5,10,11,44,50). It is evident that changes in levels of sex hormones in menopause are the main factor determining vasomotor symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It has been found that autonomic dysfunction is an important factor for the evaluation of risk of cardiovascular events in CVD patients (2,3). Age-related changes in autonomic control of the cardiovascular system (CVS) are also well known (2,(4)(5)(6). The difference of heart rate variability (HRV) indices in pre-and postmenopausal women has been reported (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic control of cardiovascular system in pre- and postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

Neufeld¹,

Kiselev²,

Karavaev³

et al. 2015

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Original Investigation 11Autonomic control in CVS can be assessed by HRV analysis.Various time domain and frequency domain indices are usually used for this purpose (2). The physiological explanation of these indices is known (2,19,20). These indices can assess cardiac autonomic regulation but not peripheral blood flow. In our previous papers, we have proposed an original method for the assessment of cardiovascular autonomic control based on synchronization between the 0.1-Hz rhythms in heart rate (HR) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) (21). The quality of 0.1-Hz rhythms synchronization was found to be higher in healthy subjects than in patients with cardiovascular disease (22). From a physiological viewpoint, the synchronization of 0.1-Hz rhythms is the result of adequate functional interaction of CVS parts (heart and peripheral vessels). The clinical importance of this diagnostic method is shown for patients with prior myocardial infarction, patients with acute coronary syndrome, and hypertensive patients (3,23). The physiological explanation of 0.1-Hz rhythms in PPG is a debatable point. An opto-physiological model of a finger in conjunction with a near-infrared reflectance PPG device has been proposed (24). It was shown that both oscillations in the microcirculatory bed and blood filling of digital arteries make a substantial contribution to the PPG signal. Therefore, 0.1-Hz oscillations in PPG may be associated directly with baroreceptor regulation of blood pressure (BP). At the same time, a number of authors assume that 0.1-Hz oscillations in blood microcirculation are not associated with autonomic regulation (25)(26)(27)(28). To avoid confusion, we do not interpret the origin of 0.1-Hz oscillations in PPG in the present paper. Thus, the features of cardiovascular autonomic control in women before and after menopause are not fully understood. Controversial results concerning this problem have been reported. The aim of the present study cross-sectional study is to assess the features of autonomic control of CVS in pre-and postmenopausal women. Material and Methods PatientsThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the Saratov Research Institute of Cardiology in Saratov, Russia (no. 24, Sept. 12, 2013) and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Our cross-sectional study included 185 postmenopausal women aged 59.3±8.5 years (mean±SD) and 104 premenopausal women aged 45.1±5.8 years. Both groups were investigated and treated, if necessary, in the clinic of Saratov State Medical University (Saratov, Russia). Clinical characteristics (cardiovascular, gynecological, etc.) were assessed in all women. We assessed the level of the following sex hormones: estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and testosterone. Only patients aged between 35 and 70 years were enrolled in our study. Women with CVD were not on beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers during the 7 days before the start of the study.Patients were not included in our study if they ...

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“…Our results that show a 1% increment of DHA and EPA as being associated with a decrease of 1.4 bpm and 2.6 bpm, respectively, among women are in line with a pooled estimate obtained in a meta-analysis that assessed the effect of using fish oil supplementation on HR (21). Differences in the impact of n-3 PUFAs between women and men could be due to varying levels of estrogen, since these hormones have been suggested to have a cardio-protective effect in young women as well as in postmenopausal women who are undergoing hormone replacement therapy (34)(35)(36). In this sample, 41 women (30%) were classified as being menopausal if they had not had a period in the last 12 months or if they had had a hysterectomy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Influence of n-3 fatty acids on cardiac autonomic activity among Nunavik Inuit adults

Valera¹,

Dewailly

Anassour-Laouan-Sidi³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. Inuit from Nunavik (northern Quebec) consume large amounts of fish and marine mammals, which are important sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). These substances have a beneficial impact on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). However, it is unknown if this beneficial impact remains significant in populations with high mercury exposure. The study assessed the impact of n-3 PUFAs (Docosahexaenoic [DHA] and Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) on resting HR and HRV among Nunavik Inuit adults considering mercury and other potential confounders. Study design. Cross-sectional study employing clinical measurements. Methods. Complete data were collected among 181 adults ≥40 years old (109 women and 72 men) living in the 14 coastal villages of Nunavik. Several indices of HRV were derived from a 2-hour Holter monitoring assessment. n-3 PUFAs levels were measured in membrane erythrocytes. Simple linear regression was used to analyse the relationship between n-3 PUFAs levels and resting HR and HRV parameters while multiple linear regressions were carried out to control for confounders. Results. In the overall analyses, EPA was associated with SDANN (β=0.07, p=0.04) and LF norm (β=-1.84, p=0.03) after adjusting for confounders. Among women, DHA was associated with resting HR (β=-1.40, p=0.03) while EPA was associated with SDNN (β=0.08, p=0.03), SDANN (β=0.09, p=0.02) and resting HR (β=-2.61, p=0.002). No significant association was observed in men. Conclusions. These results suggest a beneficial impact of n-3 PUFAs on resting HR and HRV among Nunavik Inuit women.

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Heart rate variability under resting conditions in postmenopausal and young women

Cited by 68 publications

References 20 publications

Autonomic modulation of heart rate of young and postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy

Autonomic modulation of heart rate of young and postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy

Autonomic control of cardiovascular system in pre- and postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

Influence of n-3 fatty acids on cardiac autonomic activity among Nunavik Inuit adults

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