Effect of repeated restraint stress on memory in different tasks

Gamaro, Giovana Duzzo; Michalowski, Mariana Bohns; Catelli, Dayenne Helena; Xavier, Marcia Henriques; Dalmaz, Carla

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1999000300015

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These findings suggest negligible effects of stress–estrous cycle interactions in skilled reaching performance. It has been suggested that the degree and duration of stress‐induced behavioral impairments depend on type and duration of the adverse experience, and on the testing paradigm (Gamaro et al ., 1999; McEwen, 1999, 2000; Woodson et al ., 2003). The present data indicate that immobilization stress has a greater effect on motor system function than swimming in cold water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of motor function by stress: a novel concept of the effects of stress and corticosterone on behavior

Metz

Jadavji

Smith

2005

Eur J of Neuroscience

126

107

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Stress and stress hormones affect a variety of behaviors and cognitive abilities. The influences of stress and glucocorticoids on motor function, however, have not been characterized although the presence of glucocorticoid receptors in the motor system has been documented. Here we demonstrate that stress and the stress hormone corticosterone influence motor system function in rats. Groups of adult female Long-Evans rats underwent either a daily stress-inducing procedure (immobilization or swimming in cold water) or oral corticosterone treatment. While these treatments continued, animals were tested in skilled reaching and skilled walking tasks for a period of 2 weeks. Both acute (day 1) and chronic (day 14) stress and corticosterone treatment reduced skilled movement accuracy in reaching and walking and increased performance speed. Furthermore, both chronic stress and chronic corticosterone treatment altered skilled movement patterns in the reaching task. These findings indicate that stress modulates motor system function and that these effects are partially mediated by glucocorticoids. To examine whether stress-induced changes might also derive from enhanced emotionality, rats were treated with the benzodiazepine diazepam. Based on an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship, a moderate dose of diazepam significantly improved reaching success while at the same time reducing corticosterone levels. Thus, stress-associated emotional responses such as anxiety might account for diminished movement accuracy. These results suggest that stress affects the motor system both directly via hormonal changes and indirectly via changes in emotionality. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of stress in motor system function and movement disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of motor function by stress: a novel concept of the effects of stress and corticosterone on behavior

Metz

Jadavji

Smith

2005

Eur J of Neuroscience

126

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Animals were divided into two groups: CONTROL group (n=20) was not exposed to any treatment and CRS group (n=20) consisted of animals exposed to the treatment of chronic restraint stress. Restraint stress was performed by placing each animal in a 25 x 7 cm plastic bottle as described previously by Gamaro et al [9]. Animals in these groups were exposed to 2h of restraint stress every day at random times, during the light period of the light/dark cycle to avoid habituation during the experimental procedure of 14 days [10].…”

Section: Animals and Stress Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Behaviors and Catecholamine Content in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Chronically Stressed Rats

Popović¹,

Pajović²,

Stojiljković³

et al. 2017

RAD Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Chronic stress induces over-activation and dysfunction of stress-activated systems, resulting in further brain damage and depressive-like behavior. Depression is a potentially life-threatening disorder that affects people and, therefore, it is one of the most important public health problems. This study examined the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS: 2 hours × 14 days) on the anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats, as well as on the possible changes in the concentrations of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. We observed a decrease in the number of entries into open arms and time spent in open arms during the elevated plus-maze test (anxiety-like behavior), as well as the increased immobility during the forced swimming test (depression-like behavior). In addition, we found that CRS increases concentration of NA and decreases concentration of DA in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Also, we recorded a significant correlation between the animal behavior and levels of neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in stress conditions provoked by CRS. The results presented here suggest that there is a relationship between the animal behavior and levels of neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in stress conditions provoked by CRS, which may be important in the research of numerous psychiatric diseases caused by chronic stress.

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“…Animals were divided into two groups: CONTROL group (n=10) was not exposed to any treatment and CRS group (n=10) consisted of animals exposed to treatment of chronic restraint stress. Restraint stress was performed by placing each animal in a 25 x 7 cm plastic bottle as described previously [12]. Animals in these groups were exposed to 2h of restraint stress every day at random times during the light period of the light/dark cycle to avoid habituation during the experimental procedure of 14 days [13].…”

Section: Animals and Stress Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Activity of Hippocampal Antioxidant Enzymes as an Important Adaptive Phenomenon of the Antioxidant Defense System in Chronically Stressed Rats

et al. 2017

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This study examined the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS: 2 hours × 14 days) on gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD 1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD 2) and catalase (CAT) in the rat hippocampus. Also, we examined changes in the activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Investigated parameters were quantifi ed by using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and assay of enzymatic activity.We found that CRS did not change mRNA and protein levels of SOD 1 and CAT, but increased mRNA and protein levels of SOD 2. However, CRS treatment increased the enzyme activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT.Our fi ndings indicate that the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT) in the hippocampus may be an important adaptive phenomenon of the antioxidant defense system in chronically stressed rats.

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Effect of repeated restraint stress on memory in different tasks

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Modulation of motor function by stress: a novel concept of the effects of stress and corticosterone on behavior

Modulation of motor function by stress: a novel concept of the effects of stress and corticosterone on behavior

Relationship Between Behaviors and Catecholamine Content in Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Chronically Stressed Rats

Increased Activity of Hippocampal Antioxidant Enzymes as an Important Adaptive Phenomenon of the Antioxidant Defense System in Chronically Stressed Rats

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