Parasitic infections in germfree animals

Vieira, Leda Quércia; Oliveira, Márcia Rosa de; Nicoli, Jacques R.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1998000100013

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The cytokine production profile did not differ in both; however macrophages from GF mice were not as efficient at killing parasites as conventional mice, suggesting an important role of microbiota in macrophage activation ( Oliveira et al 2005 ). Vieira et al (1998) also found similar results with GF mice failing to resolve lesions after 13 weeks of L. major infection, in contrast with the conventional mice. Despite this, the cytokine profiles were indistinguishable in both groups.…”

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confidence: 70%

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The microbiological signature of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions exhibits restricted bacterial diversity compared to healthy skin

Salgado

Queiroz

Sanabani

et al. 2016

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is the most common form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterised by single or multiple painless chronic ulcers, which commonly presents with secondary bacterial infection. Previous culture-based studies have found staphylococci, streptococci, and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in LCL lesions, but there have been no comparisons to normal skin. In addition, this approach has strong bias for determining bacterial composition. The present study tested the hypothesis that bacterial communities in LCL lesions differ from those found on healthy skin (HS). Using a high throughput amplicon sequencing approach, which allows for better populational evaluation due to greater depth coverage and the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline, we compared the microbiological signature of LCL lesions with that of contralateral HS from the same individuals.Streptococcus, Staphylococcus,Fusobacterium and other strict or facultative anaerobic bacteria composed the LCL microbiome. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria found in HS, including environmental bacteria, were significantly decreased in LCL lesions (p < 0.01). This paper presents the first comprehensive microbiome identification from LCL lesions with next generation sequence methodology and shows a marked reduction of bacterial diversity in the lesions.

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supporting

confidence: 70%

“…GF mice macrophages, albeit capable of producing nitric oxide (NO) in response to leishmanial infection, were no able to destroy the parasites. Absence of the normal indigenous microbiota was suggested as cause of increased susceptibility to L. major infection ( Vieira et al 1998 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiological signature of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions exhibits restricted bacterial diversity compared to healthy skin

Salgado

Queiroz

Sanabani

et al. 2016

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Two to 5 days after intake stop of S. boulardii, the yeast was no longer found in the feces of the host (Blehaut et al 1989). Among the 103 candidate yeasts, the probiotics evaluated by Tiago et al (2009), including 48 of the genus Pichia, only three (Pichia kluyveri, Metschnikowia reukaufii, and Zygosaccharomyces fermentati) were found in the feces 4 days after interrupting the supply (Vieira et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pichia pastoris X-33 has probiotic properties with remarkable antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium

França

Conceição

Mendonça

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Probiotics are live microorganisms which are beneficial for the host when ingested at high enough concentrations. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is widely used as heterologous protein production platform. However, its use as probiotic is poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate some probiotic properties of the P. pastoris strain X-33 wild type. The resistance to in vitro and in vivo gastrointestinal conditions, stability in feed, safety, and antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium were evaluated. The yeast remained viable and persisted at appropriate concentration in the diet for at least 2 months, survived the stresses of the gastrointestinal tract in vitro and in vivo, caused no behavioral changes or lesions when administered to mice, inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium in culture media, and reduced adhesion of the bacteria to the intestinal cells HCT-116. In the challenge experiment with a LD50 of virulent S. Typhimurium strain, mice supplemented with the yeast had a higher survival rate (50 % when administered by gavage and 80 % via the diet, compared with 20 and 50 %, respectively, in the control group). In addition, the S. Typhimurium concentration in the intestine of the surviving mice was lower; the score of intestinal lesions, lower; and the pathogen, not detected in the liver, spleen, and feces when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the yeast Pichia pastoris X-33 has probiotic properties with remarkable antibacterial activity against S. Typhimurium.

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“…In agreement with this latter hypothesis and in contrast to what was observed in SPF BALB/c mice, we found that anti-IL-4-treated GF BALB/c mice did not control the replication of the parasite and remained susceptible to L. major infection. Likewise, a recent study has shown that GF Swiss mice developed progressive lesions when infected with L. major, whereas SPF Swiss mice only make small lesions and eventually heal (29). Lastly, macrophages derived from the spleen of GF mice expressed reduced amounts of MHC class II molecules (30) and exhibited impaired ability to secrete IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 (31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Cd62lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming by Microbial Antigens from the Intestinal Flora Determines the Ability of CD4+ T Cells to Rapidly Secrete IL-4 in BALB/c Mice Infected withLeishmania major

Julia

McSorley

Malherbe

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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Infection of BALB/c mice with Leishmania major results in the rapid accumulation of IL-4 transcripts within CD4+ T cells that react to the parasite Leishmania homologue of mammalian RACK1 (LACK) Ag. Because memory/effector cells secrete IL-4 more rapidly than naive cells, we sought to analyze the phenotype of these lymphocytes before infection. Indeed, a fraction of LACK-specific CD4+ T cells expressed a typical CD62 ligandlowCD44highCD45RBlow phenotype in uninfected mice. LACK-specific T cells were primed in gut-associated lymphoid tissues by cross-reactive microbial Ags as demonstrated by their reactivity with bacterial extracts and by the ability of APCs from the mesenteric LN of BALB/c mice to induce their proliferation. Also, mice in which the digestive tract has been decontaminated exhibited a reduced proportion of LACK-specific T cells expressing a memory/effector phenotype and did not exhibit the early accumulation of IL-4 transcripts induced by L. major. Thus, LACK-specific T cells represent a subset of CD4+ T cells which have acquired the ability to rapidly secrete IL-4 as the result of their priming by cross-reactive microbial Ags. Tracking the fate of these cells may provide information about the regulation of cell-mediated immune responses to gut Ags in physiological and pathological situations.

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Parasitic infections in germfree animals

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

The microbiological signature of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions exhibits restricted bacterial diversity compared to healthy skin

The microbiological signature of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions exhibits restricted bacterial diversity compared to healthy skin

Pichia pastoris X-33 has probiotic properties with remarkable antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium

Priming by Microbial Antigens from the Intestinal Flora Determines the Ability of CD4+ T Cells to Rapidly Secrete IL-4 in BALB/c Mice Infected withLeishmania major

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