Circadian time-dependent effects of fencamfamine on inhibition of dopamine uptake and release in rat striatal slices

DeLucia, Roberto; Planeta, Cleópatra da Silva; Ferreira, M. P.; Aizenstein, Moacyr Luiz; Scavone, Cristóforo

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1997000500011

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is consistent with earlier observations on the day-night differences in the behavioral effects of cocaine in adult invertebrates [33] and vertebrates [34], [35], either wild type or circadian gene mutants, suggesting a close link between cocaine's effects and the circadian clock [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Circadian System Is a Target and Modulator of Prenatal Cocaine Effects

Shang

Zhdanova

2007

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPrenatal exposure to cocaine can be deleterious to embryonic brain development, but the results in humans remain controversial, the mechanisms involved are not well understood and effective therapies are yet to be designed. We hypothesize that some of the prenatal effects of cocaine might be related to dysregulation of physiological rhythms due to alterations in the integrating circadian clock function.Methodology and Principle FindingsHere we introduce a new high-throughput genetically well-characterized diurnal vertebrate model for studying the mechanisms of prenatal cocaine effects by demonstrating reduced viability and alterations in the pattern of neuronal development following repeated cocaine exposure in zebrafish embryos. This effect is associated with acute cocaine-induced changes in the expression of genes affecting growth (growth hormone, zGH) and neurotransmission (dopamine transporter, zDAT). Analysis of circadian gene expression, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QPCR), demonstrates that cocaine acutely and dose-dependently changes the expression of the circadian genes (zPer-3, zBmal-1) and genes encoding melatonin receptors (zMelR) that mediate the circadian message to the entire organism. Moreover, the effects of prenatal cocaine depend on the time of treatment, being more robust during the day, independent of whether the embryos are raised under the light-dark cycle or in constant light. The latter suggests involvement of the inherited circadian factors. The principal circadian hormone, melatonin, counteracts the effects of cocaine on neuronal development and gene expression, acting via specific melatonin receptors.Conclusions/SignificanceThese findings demonstrate that, in a diurnal vertebrate, prenatal cocaine can acutely dysregulate the expression of circadian genes and those affecting melatonin signaling, growth and neurotransmission, while repeated cocaine exposure can alter neuronal development. Daily variation in these effects of cocaine and their attenuation by melatonin suggest a potential prophylactic or therapeutic role for circadian factors in prenatal cocaine exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Circadian System Is a Target and Modulator of Prenatal Cocaine Effects

Shang

Zhdanova

2007

PLoS ONE

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“…Considering all the evidences, we support the view that CAM, as FCF, may act as an indirect dopaminergic agonist in the central nervous system [21]. Moreover, interesting findings suggest that uptake inhibition and the release properties of FCF may undergo daily variation; the circadian time-dependent effects of FCF might be related to a higher susceptibility of dopamine presynaptic terminals to the action of FCF during the light phase which corresponds to the rats' resting period [22]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

New Drugs on the Internet: The Case of Camfetamine

Cinosi

Corazza

Santacroce

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. The number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) advertised for sale online is constantly increasing and it has become a phenomenon of global concern. Among NPS, Camfetamine has been rediscovered as recreational drug in 2011. Very little information is still available in the scientific literature on its nature and potential health risks. Methods. Data in scientific literature were integrated with a multilingual qualitative assessment of a range of online resources over the period of 32 months (May 2011–January 2014). Results. N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (Camfetamine) may act as an indirect dopaminergic agonist in the central nervous system and may have mild-moderate opioid activity too. There are no current epidemiological data about recreational use of Camfetamine; our research shows that it is indeed used especially by individuals with a history of recreational polydrug misuse. It facilitates mental alertness, induces relaxation, and, unlike many other stimulants, seems not to be associated with severe physical effects. Valid causes for concern issued in our research may be Camfetamine intravenous or intramuscular administration as well as its use in conjunction with other psychoactive substances. Conclusions. It is here highlighted that more large-scale studies need to be carried out to confirm and better describe both the extent of Camfetamine misuse and possible psychotropic/adverse effects.

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“…Dopamine uptake in the striatum was reported as higher at ZT2 compared with ZT14, similar to what we found in the NAc (Wirz-Justice, 1974). In contrast, dopamine release and/or inhibition of uptake by amphetamine or fencamphamine in the striatum were greater in the light than in the dark phase (Becker et al, 1984; DeLucia et al, 1997). The disparity between our findings with cocaine in the NAc and the mPFC and these latter two studies may be related to the different psychostimulants used and hence, differences in drug mechanism of action, or to the different brain areas examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Time‐of‐day differences in dopamine clearance in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens

Sleipness

Jansen

Schenk

et al. 2008

Synapse

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Circadian rhythms influence cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, and this behavior may be mediated by variability in the rate of extracellular dopamine clearance across the day:night cycle. We used rotating disk electrode voltammetry to examine dopamine clearance and inhibition of clearance by cocaine in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Rats were housed under light:dark conditions (LD, 12 hr:12 hr) or in constant darkness (DD), the latter given just prior to the day of sacrifice. Tissue was collected at 4 hr intervals under LD and DD conditions. Under LD, dopamine clearance in both brain regions was greatest at 4 hr after lights on. Under DD, there was a blunted but still rhythmic pattern of dopamine clearance across the 24 hr cycle. Cocaine-induced inhibition of dopamine clearance in the mPFC was not different across the day:night cycle in rats under LD. Paradoxically, under DD, dopamine clearance in the mPFC was enhanced by cocaine at ZT16, 4 hr into the subjective night, and only minimally inhibited at other times. In the NAc, cocaine inhibition of dopamine clearance was lowest at ZT4 under LD, and did not vary under DD. We conclude that dopamine clearance varies in both a diurnal and possibly in a circadian manner in the mPFC, and in a diurnal manner in the NAc. These results indicate that light itself may be used to manipulate molecules implicated in drug addiction.

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Circadian time-dependent effects of fencamfamine on inhibition of dopamine uptake and release in rat striatal slices

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

The Circadian System Is a Target and Modulator of Prenatal Cocaine Effects

The Circadian System Is a Target and Modulator of Prenatal Cocaine Effects

New Drugs on the Internet: The Case of Camfetamine

Time‐of‐day differences in dopamine clearance in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens

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