Sistema sexual e biologia floral de Pouteria ramiflora e P. torta (Sapotaceae)

Gama, Lucilene Umbelino; Barbosa, Ana Angélica Almeida; Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio

doi:10.1590/s0100-84042011000300011

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Nectaries and osmophores were the secretory structures found in flowers of C. marginatum and are associated with the biotic pollination (Fahn, 1979; Endress, 1994). In Sapotaceae, nectaries have been reported in a few studies that provide a morphological description (Pennington, 2004; Hawthorne, 2014); osmophores are also described (Gomes et al, 2010; Terra‐Araujo, Faria, Ribeiro, & Swenson, 2012), or only odor is recorded (Gama, Barbosa, & Oliveira, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Sigrist

Leme

Fabiano

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Chrysophyllum (Chrysophylloideae, Chrysophylleae) is the second largest genus in the Sapotaceae. Studies of pollination ecology in this genus are non‐existent, although there are records of entomophily for this family. Considering the lack of detailed studies on pollination ecology and sexual systems in Chrysophyllum species, we investigate the floral morphology and biology and floral visitors of Chrysophyllum marginatum to verify which sexual system is present in the studied population and whether flowers of this species are visited and pollinated by different insect groups. The population of C. marginatum has weak and cryptic gynomonoecy because the plants produce a low percentage of functionally pistillate flowers (4.2%) and these flowers appear to be perfect flowers (hermaphrode). Flowers of C. marginatum are phenotypically, ecologically and functionally generalist because: (a) they are actinomorphic, open and not restrictive in terms of access to floral resources; (b) they are visited by 26 species of insects that are potential pollinators; and (c) among these species several groups can be effective pollinators, mainly bees and flies, according to the most effective pollinator principle. We consider bees and flies to be the main pollinator group of C. marginatum, due to their high visitation rate, richness and intrafloral visiting behavior, and because they especially forage among plant individuals and are able to promote xenogamy. Nectaries were found in the ovary base and osmophores in the petal margins, as floral attractants. For Chrysophyllum, this is the first record of gynomonoecy and for the family this is considered the second record. Chrysophyllum marginatum has generalist and entomophilous pollination, as recorded in other Sapotaceae Neotropical species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Sigrist

Leme

Fabiano

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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“…pistillate flowers arranged in racemose inflorescences with short axes that are densely arranged in leaf axils along the branches. Flowering occurs from May to September, with open flowers peaking in August (during the dry season); the fruit ripens during the rainy season, which promotes seed dispersal (Gama et al, 2011). The fruit has a strong smell and pleasant taste; it is greenish in color with white pulp and is appreciated by local people as juice or in natura (Dalponte and Lima, 1999).…”

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Physiological and biochemical performance of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. seeds harvested at different maturation stages and subjected to drying

Llian¹,

Juliana²,

Joo³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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This study aimed to evaluate alterations in the physiological and biochemical performance of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. seeds at different maturation stages when subjected to drying. The seeds were harvested at two maturation stages (unripe and ripe). A sample of seeds at each maturation stage was not subjected to drying (control), and another sample was subjected to drying in a convection oven at 35°C until the seeds reached water content levels of 20 and 12% wet basis (w.b.). The drying of seeds up to 12% bu. negatively affected the physiological quality and vigor of the seeds, particularly in the unripe seeds. There was no detectable activity of catalase and peroxidase isoenzymes, and heat-resistant proteins were not observed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The α-amylase enzyme was most active in mature and moist seeds and showed the negative effect of drying, particularly with respect to unripe seeds. A greater intensity of esterase isoenzyme bands was detected in unripe seeds (regardless of water content) with little reduction of activity as the water content of mature seeds decreased. It can be concluded that the P. ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. seeds show physiological and biochemical alterations when subjected to drying, they are intolerant to desiccation.

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Flower biology and subspecies concepts in Micropholis guyanensis (Sapotaceae): evidence of ephemeral flowers in the family

Terra-Araújo

Faria

Ribeiro

et al. 2012

Aust. Systematic Bot.

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Micropholis guyanensis (A.DC.) Pierre is a tree from the rainforests of tropical South America and includes two recognised and one informal subspecies. The species has a wide geographic distribution from Central America, northern and western South America to Amazonia and Bolivia, and is morphologically variable. All subspecies occur in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke just outside Manaus, Amazonas State in Brazil, and it can be questioned how they can grow in sympatry and retain their identity. We have studied vegetative variation, flower morphology and, to some degree, reproductive barriers. The species is dioecious, has five-merous, cream to greenish flowers that produce pollen, nectar and scent to attract pollinators. The flowering period is between June and October, and the plants set fruits, one seed in each, between November and April. There was no overlap in flowering period in the study area between two of the presumed subspecies, but both have similar floral morphology and are pollinated by the same species of butterflies and bees. We are not able to find any clear distributional or morphological discontinuities between the subspecies and we, therefore, suggest that M. guyanensis should be considered a variable species without formally recognised subspecies. Flowers of M. guyanensis are highly ephemeral and persist only for 1 day (~27 h) before falling to the ground. We predict that this is typical for many species of Sapotaceae, which can explain why the corolla is missing from the majority of herbarium specimens that at first sight have flowers.

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Sistema sexual e biologia floral de Pouteria ramiflora e P. torta (Sapotaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Chrysophyllum marginatum (Sapotaceae): Generalist pollination and cryptic gynomonoecious

Physiological and biochemical performance of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. seeds harvested at different maturation stages and subjected to drying

Flower biology and subspecies concepts in Micropholis guyanensis (Sapotaceae): evidence of ephemeral flowers in the family

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