Morphological cladistic analysis of Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and allied genera

Abstract

-(Morphological cladistic analysis of Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) and allied genera). Pseudobombax Dugand belongs to the family Malvaceae subfamily Bombacoideae and aggregates 29 species restricted to the Neotropics. A morphological cladistic analysis of Pseudobombax and allied genera was carried out to test the monophyly of the genus and to provide hypotheses on its phylogeny. Parsimony analyses were based on 40 morphological characters and 28 species, 14 belonging to Pseudobombax and 14 to other species of Bombacoideae, Matisieae (Malvoideae) and Ochromeae. Nine most parsimonious trees (144 steps, ci 0.40, ri 0.67) were produced when 10 multistate characters were taken as ordered while only two most parsimonious trees (139 steps, ci 0.41, ri 0.67) were obtained when all characters were considered as unordered. Pseudobombax monophyly had moderate bootstrap support, appearing as sister to a clade composed of the genera Bombacopsis Pittier and Pachira Aubl., or to the genus Bombax L. according to the analysis. The petiole widened at the apex and the leaflets not jointed to the petiole are probably synapomorphies of Pseudobombax. Three main clades were found in the genus: one characterised by petiolulated leaflets and 5-angular fruits, the other by pubescent leaves and calyx, and the other by reduction of the number of leaflets. The latter includes species endemic to the Brazilian semi-arid region also characterised by the absence of phalanges in the androecium. Interspecific affinities in Pseudobombax as well as the morphological evolution in Bombacoideae are discussed.Key words -biogeography, evolution, morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy RESUMO -(Análise cladística morfológica de Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) e gêneros relacionados). O gênero Pseudobombax Dugand pertence à família Malvaceae, subfamília Bombacoideae, e compreende 29 espécies com distribuição restrita à região Neotropical. Realizou-se uma análise cladística morfológica de Pseudobombax e gêneros relacionados a fim de testar seu monofiletismo e elaborar hipóteses sobre sua filogenia. As análises de parcimônia foram baseadas em 40 caracteres e 28 espécies, sendo 14 de Pseudobombax e as demais pertencentes a Bombacoideae, Matisieae (Malvoideae) e Ochromeae. Foram obtidas nove árvores mais parcimoniosas (144 passos, ci 0,40, ri 0,67) quando 10 caracteres multiestado foram considerados como ordenados e apenas duas árvores mais parcimoniosas (139 passos, ci 0,41, ri 0,67) quando todos os caracteres foram considerados não ordenados. A monofilia de Pseudobombax foi moderadamente sustentada com base na análise de bootstrap, aparecendo como grupo-irmão de um clado formado pelos gêneros Bombacopsis Pittier e Pachira Aubl. ou do gênero Bombax L. de acordo com a análise. As prováveis sinapomorfias de Pseudobombax são o ápice do pecíolo dilatado e os folíolos não articulados com o pecíolo. Foram encontrados três clados principais dentro do gênero: um caracterizado por folíolos peciolulados e frutos 5-angulares, outro carac...

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