Distribuição espacial da flora terrestre fanerogâmica do Parque Nacional Marinho de Abrolhos, BA

Abstract

-(Spatial distribution of terrestrial fanerogamic flora in the Abrolhos National Marine Park, BA). Oceanic islands are highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Thus, the vegetation mapping of these systems are of fundamental importance. The objective of the present work was to study the composition and distribution of plant species to classify and describe the vegetation types of the islands of Abrolhos (Santa Barbara, Siriba, Sueste, Redonda and Guarita) in southern Bahia during August, October and December 1995 and in March and May 1996. The isolation of the archipelago from the mainland and its structural features offer a great potential for geographic studies. The spatial distribution of seven vegetation types (after beach, after rocks, mild slope, sheer slope, top shrub, top herb, top grass) were delimited, using as indicators physiognomy, relief and floristic composition. The vegetation types were classified according to their geographic characteristics and vegetation structure, were associated to the 40 species identified.

<div>Floristic diversity of the Cagarras Islands Natural Monument, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</div>

“…Research projects focusing on island vegetations have been relatively rare in Brazil, whether coastal (e.g., Barros et al 1991;Menezes-Silva 1998;Oliveira 2002;Kemenes 2003;Bovini et al 2013) or oceanic (e.g., Batistella 1996;Alves 1998Alves , 2006Gasparini 2004) -in spite of the fact that the identification and description of island plant communities are of fundamental importance to evaluations of their conservation statuses. The low resilience (and consequent fragility) of these environments demands special consideration and specific management policies to guarantee their conservation.…”

The vascular flora and vegetation of Queimada Grande Island, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil

“…Based on the information about the collection sites found on herbarium labels, species were assigned to one or more of the following habitat classes: forest interior, forest edges (interfaces between forests and open areas), rock outcrop vegetation, anthropogenic vegetation, and banana plantation. By consulting the literature (Ichaso 1980, Pennington et al 1981, Pennington 1990, Lorenzi 1998, Barroso et al 1999, Bovini et al 2001, Wanderley et al 2001, 2002, 2003, 2009, 2012, Mansano et al 2004, Passos & Oliveira 2004, Reis 2006, Souza & Morim 2008, Ferreira 2009, Gomes-Costa & Alves 2012, Silva-Luz et al 2012, Ferreira & Miotto 2013, Soares Neto et al 2014, specialists, and through examinations of material deposited at the RB Herbarium, the species of angiosperms were classified into four major groups according to the morphological criteria of Pijl (1982): 1) anemochoric, with diaspores adapted to wind dispersal; 2) zoochoric, with diaspores adapted to animal dispersal; 3) hydrochoric, with diaspores adapted to water dispersal; and 4) autochoric, with diaspores displaying no apparent specific adaptation to the above dispersal agents, including barochoric species (gravity dispersal) and those with explosive dispersal. By consulting the same aforementioned sources, we also determined which species are autochthonous to ombrophilous forests and/or pioneer formations (sensu IBGE 2012): beach ridge vegetation (restinga; Lacerda et al 1993) and rock outcrop vegetation (Meirelles et al 1999), of the Atlantic Forest complex in southeastern Brazil, and which species are associated with anthropically disturbed areas (ruderal species; sensu Moro et al 2012).…”

“…The small islands (˂100 ha) along the eastern and southeastern coast of Brazil have very non-diverse floras (Kemenes 2003, Ferreira et al 2007, Bovini et al 2014 related to their insular conditions, sizes, habitat restrictions, steep topographies, incipient soils, and use histories (see Lomolino 2000, Kreft et al 2008. Species richness on QGI is lower than that on CAG (Bovini et al 2014) and close to that on FRA (an island of only 16 ha; Ferreira et al 2007) -which is apparently related to the distance of QGI from the coast, making the arrival and establishment of propagules more difficult.…”

“…Species richness on QGI is lower than that on CAG (Bovini et al 2014) and close to that on FRA (an island of only 16 ha; Ferreira et al 2007) -which is apparently related to the distance of QGI from the coast, making the arrival and establishment of propagules more difficult. The very low richness on ABR (Kemenes 2003) can also be related to its greater distance from the coast.…”

“…Small island plant inventories are even more scarce (Kemenes 2003, Ferreira et al 2007, Bovini et al 2014). These studies have frequently indicated that the floras of coastal islands are basically composed of mainland Atlantic Forest complex species (sensu Oliveira-Filho & Fontes 2000, Scarano 2002, and are related to their recent histories of isolation from the mainland.…”