Weed Management in Direct Seeded Rice Grown under Varying Tillage Systems and Alternate Water Regimes

Abstract

-In direct seeded rice (DSR), flushes of weeds are encountered, and mostly subsequent herbicides need to apply to control weeds that appear later. A farmer friendly approach was hypothesized in present study to integrate the management strategies for water, soil and cost effective weed free rice production. Efficacy of various herbicides in weed control to improve the performance of aerobic rice grown under varying tillage and alternate water regimes was evaluated. Five weed management techniques (weedy check, weed-free, pendimethalin followed by manual weeding, pendimethalin + bispyribac sodium (BS) + bensulfuron (B) and pendimethalin + MCPA) were carried out within the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) regimes (15 and 20 cm depth) under two tillage systems (zero and conventional). All the herbicide treatments reduced the weed intensity as compared to weedy check, however minimum weed density and dry biomass was observed in pendimethalin at 40 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. Under conventional tillage, weed free plots showed maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. Maximum plant height, 1000-kernel weight and kernel per panicle along with less percentage of abortive, chalky and opaque kernels were recorded in pendimethalin followed by BS+B as compared to weedy check plots. Among the herbicides application, pendimethalin followed by BS+B gave highest benefit to cost ratio and net benefits under both AWD regimes. Overall, application of pendimethalin followed by BS+B is an efficient and economic approach to reduce weed infestation which results in improved yield of aerobic rice.Keywords: aerobic rice, herbicides, irrigation management, benefit-cost ratio. RESUMO -Em arroz semeado direto (DSR), são encontradas descargas de plantas daninhas, e a maioria dos herbicidas subsequentes precisam se aplicar para controlar as plantas daninhas que aparecem mais tarde. Uma abordagem amigável ao agricultor foi hipotetizada no presente estudo para integrar as estratégias de manejo de água, solo e produção de arroz sem ervas econômicas. Foi avaliada a eficácia de vários herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas para melhorar o desempenho do arroz aeróbio cultivado em lavoura variável e regimes alternativos de água. Foram realizadas cinco técnicas de manejo de plantas daninhas (controle de plantas daninhas, sem plantas daninhas, pendimetalina, seguidas de remoção manual, pendimethalin + bispyribac sodium (BS) + bensulfuron (B) e pendimethalin + MCPA) nos regimes alternativos de molhagem e secagem (AWD) (15 E 20 cm de profundidade) sob dois sistemas de preparo do solo (zero e convencional). Todos os tratamentos de herbicidas reduziram a intensidade da planta daninha em comparação com a verificação de plantas daninhas, porém a Copyright:This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author and source are credited. Palavras-chave...

Interaction of Foliar Nutrients and Herbicides Into Production

“…The reason is due to the significant effect of the herbicide Ronstar in reducing the density of the weeds m 2 , which is reflected in giving a suitable environment for rice plants to grow with less competition, in contrast to the conditions of intense competition with the weedy. This result was in agreement with the results of other researchers (7,13,14,18,24) who indicated that the use of herbicides leads to a significant increases in the number of grains panical -1 compared to weedy. As for the fertilization treatments, the normal fertilization was significantly exceeded by achieving the highest number of grains in the panical with an average of 82.85 and 104.48 grain panical -1 , while the weedy treatment gave the lowest average for the characteristic in the first season of 48.18 grain panical -1 , and the humec treatment gave the lowest value for the characteristic at the second season, amounted 72.53 grain panical -1 with no significant differences compared to the treatment of algae.…”

“…In the second season, the herbicide rainbow was significantly superior by achieving the highest average in the weight of 1000 grains value 24.96 g It was significantly superior to the weedy treatment, as it gave the lowest average for the characteristic of 23.80 g .The reason may be due to the effect of the herbicide on the weeds density (Tables 3). This result is similar to with the reported by Al-Ziyadi and Al-Fatlawi (7), Danmaigoro (13), Ghosh and others (14), Islam and others (16) and Riaz and others (24).…”

“…The yield grain of DDSR is reduced from 35 to 91% depending on water and fertilizer management (30). Maximum utilization of production sources especially with the use of nanofertilizers and the enhancement of photosynthesis efficiency can reduce the environmental risks associated with the excessive application of chemical fertilizers (24). With the progress of the development in the agricultural field and the emergence of modern types of fertilizers that are used as a spray on the shoot, especially since the time of the first addition is at times coinciding with the dates of weeds control, it became necessary to know the presence or absence of interaction between the chemicals used (herbicides and nutrients) and since there are types There are many herbicides and many types of nutrients, and may be there some of them interaction.…”

Biochar with Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation: A Potential Technique for Paddy Soil Management

“…Figure 1. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation of rice (Image collected from Riaz et al [12]).…”

An impact of agronomic practices of sustainable rice-wheat crop intensification on food security, economic adaptability, and environmental mitigation across eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains

“…From the present results, it can be derived that yield was lower in ZT rice plots compared to CT or PTR plots, and it was in agreement with previous study Chakraborty et al (2017) . This yield penalty in DSR can be attributed to soil sickness, higher weed growth because of favourable conditions due to alternate wetting and drying, moisture stress because of higher percolation rate ( Chaki et al, 2021 ), this stress could be due to nematodes and rice mealybug, higher spikelet sterility, etc., which poses a challenge to maintain grain yield in rice ( Kumar et al, 2018 ; Mishra et al, 2019 ; Riaz et al, 2018 ). These losses in DSR may be avoided by proper management of biotic and abiotic stresses.…”