Effect of plant density and seed position on mother plant on physiological characteristic of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) seeds

Foroughi, Abbas; Gherekhloo, Javid; Ghaderi–Far, Farshid

doi:10.1590/s0100-83582014000100007

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The earlier findings have also indicated that optimum temperature for seed germination of X . strumarium is 30–35°C [ 43 , 44 ]. There were slight differences among tested populations for optimum temperature requirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Saeed¹,

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Xanthium strumarium L. (Common cocklebur) is a noxious weed prevailing in different ecosystems around the world. It incurs significant yield and economic losses in different cropping systems globally. Successful management of any weed species depends on sound knowledge of seed germination biology. However, detailed knowledge on seed germination biology of the species is missing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of different environmental factors on seed germination and seed burial depths on seedling emergence of two X . strumarium populations. The impact of different sorghum mulch doses (0–10 t ha -1 ) on seedling emergence of the tested populations was also explored. Seed germination was evaluated under different photoperiods (0, 12 and 24), constant temperatures (0–50°C with 5°C stepwise rise), and different levels of pH (3–12), salinity (0–600 mM) and osmotic potential (0 to -1.6 MPa). Seedling emergence was observed for seeds buried at different depths (0–15 cm). Seeds of both populations proved non-photoblastic; however, higher germination was recorded under 12-hour photoperiod. The seeds germinated under a wide range of constant temperatures (10–45°C), pH (4–10), osmotic potentials (0 to -0.8 MPa) and salinity levels (0–400 mM NaCl). However, the highest germination was observed under 30–31°C temperature and neutral pH (7.51–7.52). Seeds were able to withstand 400 mM salinity and -1.00 MPa osmotic potential. Seedling emergence was initially improved with increasing burial depth and then a sharp decline was noted for the seeds buried >3 cm depth. Most of the seeds of both populations did not emerge from >8 cm depth. Different sorghum mulch doses linearly suppressed seedling emergence of tested populations, and 5.83–5.89 t ha -1 mulch application suppressed 50% of seedling emergence. Seedling emergence was completely retarded with 8 t ha -1 sorghum mulch. The tested populations germinated under diverse environmental circumstances indicating that the species can become troublesome in marginal habitats and cropped lands. Deep burial of seeds and application of sorghum mulches suppressed seedling emergence. Thus, deep burial followed by shallow tillage and application of sorghum mulches could be used as a successful strategy to manage the species in agricultural fields. Nonetheless, management strategies must be developed to control the species in other habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 80% of the seeds produced by X. strumarium are viable and exhibit high germination potential [19]. Several studies have investigated the impact of individual environmental factors on seed PLOS ONE germination of the species [43,44]. The seeds are non-photoblastic and do not have strict light requirement for germination [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Saeed¹,

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Seeds obtained from the 1st floor showed the highest germination (91.5%), while seeds from the 2 nd and 3 rd -86.0 and 81.8%, respectively. In a study with Xanthium strumarium, the other authors [FOROUGHI et al, 2014] found that seeds ripened in the upper and middle third of the mother plant had 67 to 78 % higher germination than those that riped in the lower third of the plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The strong impact of maternal heterogeneity has been reported by a number of researchers: [ALAN and ESER, 2007. PANAYOTOV, 2005, 2010 in vegetable crops, [CHEPLICK and SUNG, 1998] and [FOROUGHI et al, 2014] in weed species, [ILLIPRONTI et al, 2000] and [PRASAD et al, 2010] in legumes and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Heterogeneity in Dependence of Their Position on the Mother Plant in Lupinus albus L.

Georgieva¹

2020

bjbabe

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Seed heterogeneity (regarding some main parameters) in dependence of their position on mother plant was found in a study conducted with 11 varieties of Lupinus albus L. At technological maturity, pods (respectively the seeds in them), situated in the lower (1 st layer) and upper half (2 nd layer) of 20 plants, selected randomly, were collected separately. The results of the conducted analyzes showed that 1000 seeds mass, germination, germ length and weight of the seeds from the 2 nd layer were lower in comparison with those from the 1 st layer by an average of 12.3, 4.2, 13.1 and 19.5%, respectively. In contrast, the crude protein content of the 2nd layer seeds exceeded the protein content of the 1st layer seeds by a relative value of 15.0%. The seedling vigour index, as a summary indicator for evaluation, showed higher viability of the seeds formed in the pods from the 1 st layer (1028) compared to the vigour of the seeds from the 2 nd layer (856).

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“…Such a seed ontogeny could be a strategy of S. aralocaspica to accommodate unpredictable heterogeneous environments ( Baskin and Baskin 1998 ; Moravcová et al 2005 ; Wang et al 2010 ). Various studies have focused on the germination characteristics of seeds that develop from different positions on the inflorescence, including species in Asteraceae ( Foroughi et al 2014 ), Poaceae ( Dyer 2004 ; Wang et al 2010 ), Apiaceae ( Moravcová et al 2005 ) and Gramineae ( Volis 2016 ), and these suggest that variations in germination or dormancy may occur according to position ( Datta et al 1970 ), even within a single capsule or pod ( Gutterman 2000 ). In the present study, however, the germination of a particular seed type (brown or black) was independent of position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genetic and environmental factors on variations of seed heteromorphism in Suaeda aralocaspica

et al. 2020

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Seed heteromorphism (SH) is an adaptive strategy towards adversity in many halophytes. However, the underlying mechanisms and ecological significance of SH have not been deeply explored. Using Suaeda aralocaspica, a typical C4 annual halophyte without Kranz anatomy, we studied seed morphology, differentiation of morphs and fruit-setting patterns, and correlated these traits with germination responses, seed characteristics and heteromorphic seed ratio. To elucidate the genetic basis of SH, we analyzed correlated patterns of gene-expression for seed development related genes as well. We observed that S. aralocaspica produced three types of seed morph: brown, large black and small black with differences in color, size, mass and germination behavior; the latter two were further distinguished by their origin in female or bisexual flowers respectively. Further analysis revealed that SH was associated with genetic aspects including seed positioning, seed coat differentiation and seed developmental gene expression, while variations in SH may be associated with environmental conditions, e.g. annual precipitation, temperature, daylight, and their monthly distribution in different calendar years. SH and its variations in S. aralocaspica show multi-level regulation of the bet-hedging strategy that influences phenotypic plasticity, which is a consequence of internal genetic and external environmental factor interaction. Our findings contribute to the understanding of SH as a potential adaptive trait of desert plant species.

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Effect of plant density and seed position on mother plant on physiological characteristic of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) seeds

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

The influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Xanthium strumarium L.: Implications for management

Seed Heterogeneity in Dependence of Their Position on the Mother Plant in Lupinus albus L.

Effects of genetic and environmental factors on variations of seed heteromorphism in Suaeda aralocaspica

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