Development of bean plants in soil contaminated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium after Stizolobium aterrimum and Canavalia ensiformis cultivation

Abstract

-Phytoremediation, the use of plants to decontaminate soils and water resources from organic pollutants such as herbicides, is economically and environmentally a promising technique applied in many areas, including agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of bean plants cultivated in the field, in soil with different levels of trifloxysulfuron-sodium contamination, following cultivation of two green manure species, as well as to evaluate the possibility of recontamination of the area by such herbicide with the straw permanence on the soil. The experiment was carried out in Coimbra, MG, Brazil, on a sandy clayey Red -Yellow Argisol from Mar ch to Novemb er 200 3. Four levels of soil contamination with trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0.00; 3.75; 7.50; and 15.00 g ha -1 ) were used as well as the following five types of cultivation prior to bean sowing in the area after herbicide app lication: bla ck velvet beans ( Stizolobi um aterrimum) followed by rem ova l of straw; S. aterrimum, followed by permanence of straw; jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), followed by removal of straw; C. ensiformis followed by permanence of straw; and without prior cultivation, weed-free (weeded control). The leguminous plants were kept in the area for 65 days, cut close to the soil, and with its aerial part left or not on the surface of the experimental plot, depending on the treatment. Fifteen days after the species were cut, bean was sown in the area. At 45 days after emergence (DAE) of the bean plants, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part were evaluated. Grain productivity was determined during harvest. Height, dry matter of the aerial part and grain productivity of the bean plants, cultivated in an area previously contaminated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium at any of the levels tested, were higher with prior cultivation of S. aterrimum or C. ensiformis . At the lowest level of herbicide contamination, prior cultivation of C. ensiformis was found to be more efficient than that of S. aterrimum in mitigating the harmful effects of trifloxysulfuron-sodium on bean grain production. The permanence of the straw of the green manure species during the bean cycle did not harm the development of the plants or caused culture productivity losses, indicatin g that straw permanence in the area does not promote recontamination of the area. trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0,00; 3,75; 7,50; e 15, Keywords

Efeito da densidade populacional de Panicum maximum (cultivar Tanzânia) na fitorremediação de solo contaminado com o herbicida picloram

“…Efeitos negativos como a toxicidade a organismos não-alvo (ROUSSEAUX et al, 2003); a lixiviação aos lençóis freáticos GOOLSBY, 1996;BLANCHARD;THRUMAN, 1998;LERCH et al, 1995;THURMAN et al, 1992); o carreamento junto às partículas de argila ou de matéria orgânica, resultando na deposição em cursos hídricos superficiais (BARRA et al, 1999;KRUTZ et al, 2005;PALMA et al, 2004); e a intoxicação em culturas sensíveis semeadas em seqüência na mesma área (carryover) (BRIGHENTI et al, 2002;JAKELAITIS et al, 2006;VILLA et al, 2006), são exemplos que podem ocorrer após a utilização desses insumos químicos. No Brasil, programas de fitorremediação dos herbicidas trifloxysulfuronsodium e tebuthiuron já se encontram em níveis mais avançados (PIRES et al, , 2005bPROCÓPIO et al, 2005aPROCÓPIO et al, , 2005bPROCÓPIO et al, , 2007SANTOS et al, 2004).…”

Selection of species tolerant to the herbicide sulfentrazone with potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soils

“…Most species studied are annual and have a relatively short life cycle, which is interesting when a phytoremediation program involving crop rotation is considered, as observed with regard to the herbicide trifloxysulfuron sodium, with black mucuna and Jack-bean (PROCÓPIO et al, 2007). Notwithstanding their relatively short cycle, these species can produce up to 8 tons of dry matter per hectare, which is another desirable feature for phytoextraction of undesirable compounds in the soil (PIRES et al, 2003b).…”

Pseudomonas spp. as growth promoting agents of sunflower and jack bean in soil with sulfentrazone

“…The application of this technique has been consolidated and boosted by the increasing number of studies that have shown the possibility of using plants to reduce the possible negative impacts of herbicides to susceptible crops sown in sequence (Pires et al, 2006;Procópio et al, 2007;Procópio et al, 2009).…”