A direct relationship between the theory of inverse problems of mathematical physics and the theory of structural properties of dynamic systems is established based on which the inverse problems of mathematical physics and heat conduction are classified and some of the works on them are reviewed. Introduction. The foundations of the theory of inverse problems of mathematical physics were laid in the 1950s-1960s in the works of A. N. Tikhonov, M. M. Lavrent'ev, I. M. Gel'fand, B. M. Levitan, M. G. Krein, V. A. Marchenko, L. D. Faddeev, and many other mathematicians. The special properties of inverse problems are that, unlike primal problems, they do not possess the property of correctness in the sense of Adamar. In this connection, A. N. Tikhonov and his followers have developed the theory of regularization of ill-posed problems and have proposed stable methods of their solution [1-12].In thermophysics, inverse problems occur as problems of either diagnostics of the thermophysical parameters and internal and (or) boundary sources of the processes of transfer or control and synthesis of the above parameters and sources. We emphasize that the "investigation methodology based on solution of inverse problems is one new line in studying heat-and mass-exchange processes and in processing and optimizing thermal regimes of technical objects and technological processes [13]." The problems and methods of solution of the inverse problems of heat exchange have been presented in detail in [14] (this monograph is now classical).In the present work, we review the basic classes of inverse problems of mathematical physics and, in particular, inverse problems of heat conduction; the inverse problems are organized in accordance with the classification (proposed in [15]) of inverse problems of mathematical physics. The basis for the classification used is the scheme of cause-and-effect relations of dynamic systems. The notion of a dynamic system is fundamental for primal problems of mathematical physics. The theory of structural properties and characteristics of systems, such as controllability, observability, reversibility, realizability, and others, has also been developed within the framework of dynamic systems [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. It turned out that these characteristics are directly related to the formulation of a number of classical inverse problems of mathematical physics and inverse problems of heat conduction [15]. Thus, the classification of inverse problems of mathematical physics that is presented in this review links the theory of inverse problems to the theory of dynamic systems in the space of states, which contributes to the interdisciplinary exchange of results and, in particular, to the use of the methods of the theory of dynamic systems in the theory of inverse heat-conduction problems.It should be noted that investigations of the inverse problems of mathematical physics are the focus of numerous works, including monographs (see, e.g., [1,2,8,13,14,). Therefore, in this review, ...