Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from pig carcasses

Pissetti, Caroline; Werlang, Gabriela Orosco; Kich, Jalusa Deon; Cardoso, Marisa

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100010

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…All PFGE closely-related strains subjected to WGS shared several resistance genes: aadA2 (streptomycin resistance); aac(6')Iaa (amikacin and gentamicin resistance) and bla TEM-1B (ampicillin resistance). All of these genes are widely distributed in Salmonella and other enterobacteria and are usually part of MDR profiles [22,29,30,37]. Additional genes commonly reported in Salmonella, such as tetB (tetracycline resistance), sul2 (sulfonamide resistance) and floR (amphenicol resistance), were also found in most of the strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enumeration, Antimicrobial Resistance and Typing of Salmonella enterica: Profile of Strains Carried in the Intestinal Contents of Pigs at Slaughter in Southern Brazil

Paim

Pissetti

Vieira

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Despite a strong association between Salmonella isolation and slaughter hygiene, as measured by the Enterobacteriaceae levels on pre-chill carcass surfaces, a high variation in this association was observed between sampling days within the same slaughterhouse. It was hypothesised that in a scenario of high exposure on the farm, batches with a high prevalence of carrier pigs shedding a high number of Salmonella may enhance the risk of contamination on some slaughter days. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the profile of Salmonella carried in the intestinal contents of slaughter pigs.Materials, Methods & Results: Ten pig batches slaughtered in a slaughterhouse were investigated for the presence of Salmonella. From each pig, the following samples were taken: i. blood collected at bleeding; ii. sponges rubbed on the carcass surface after bleeding and before chilling; iii. fragment of the ileocecal region of the intestine. Serum samples were subjected to a ELISA-Typhimurium test. Sponges were investigated for the presence of Salmonella and total aerobic mesophilic (TAM) and Enterobacteriaceae (EC) bacterial counts. Salmonella was enumerated in the intestinal contents. Selected Salmonella strains were subjected to an antimicrobial resistance disk diffusion test, macro-restriction with Xba-I (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). From the 50 sampled pigs, 96% were positive in the ELISA-Typhimurium test and 64% were Salmonella-positive in the intestinal contents. The amount of Salmonella in the intestinal content samples was highly variable, and the mean log of fitted distributions of Salmonella in the batch ranged from -2.97 to 2.25 cfu.g-1. The slaughter process achieved a logarithmic reduction, ranging from 0.64 to 2.35 log cfu.cm-2 for TAM and from 0.55 to 2.57 log cfu.cm-2 for EC. Salmonella was isolated from 16% of the carcasses after bleeding; this frequency decreased to 8% at the pre-chill step. All positive pre-chill carcasses originated from pigs carrying Salmonella in the intestinal content and from batches with a high number of carrier pigs. Salmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variant were the most frequent in the intestinal contents and carcasses. Resistance was detected against ampicillin (42.5%), tetracycline (42.5%), sulfonamide (40%), gentamicin (25%) and ciprofloxacin (12.5%). Regarding colistin, 85% of the tested strains were classified as non-susceptible. The monophasic variant S. Typhimurium strains subjected to PFGE and WGS presented different profiles; several antimicrobial resistance genes were identified and all belonged to ST-19.Discussion: In this study, almost all sampled pigs entering the slaughter line had been exposed to Salmonella on the farm and a high number were carrying Salmonella in their guts. While the three batches with Salmonella-positive carcasses at the pre-chill step presented TAM media that was not significantly different from the other batches, there was a higher number of positive pigs carrying Salmonella in their intestinal contents. Moreover, the batch with the highest number of positive carcasses also presented the highest Salmonella mean count in their intestinal contents. The profile of Salmonella carried in the intestinal content of slaughter pigs proved to be highly variable in terms of the frequency, number of bacteria, serovars, antimicrobial resistance, and genotypes. Results indicate that the day-to-day variability in the prevalence and number of Salmonella in the intestinal contents of slaughter batches is likely to influence the frequency of contaminated pre-chill carcasses. Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from the intestinal contents of slaughter pigs may belong to genotypes involved in human disease and may carry several antimicrobial resistance genes. These aspects should be taken into account when planning Salmonella control in swine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enumeration, Antimicrobial Resistance and Typing of Salmonella enterica: Profile of Strains Carried in the Intestinal Contents of Pigs at Slaughter in Southern Brazil

Paim

Pissetti

Vieira

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…These results contribute to the overall picture of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli in the pig industry. Studies from many countries showed that MDR- E. coli isolates from pigs were 86.2% in US (between November 2013 and December 2014) 16 , 81.1% in Vietnam (from July to September 2019) 21 , 47% in Uganda 22 , 57.3% in Indonesia (between March 2017 and February 2018) 23 , 72.5% in Brazil 24 , and 81% in China 25 . In Spain, colistin-resistant E. coli isolates from pig farms were 91.6% resistant to at least three different antimicrobial classes 8 ; in addition, 100% of mcr -positive E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from diarrheic piglets from pig farms in Thailand that harbor colistin-resistant mcr genes

Nguyet

Keeratikunakorn

Kaeoket

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli is one of the most serious problems in pig production. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and genotypes profiles of diarrhoeagenic E. coli that causes diarrhea in piglets. Thirty-seven pathogenic E. coli strains were used in this study. These were isolated from rectal swabs of diarrheic piglets from farms in Thailand from 2018 to 2019. Escherichia coli isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin (100%), followed by oxytetracycline (91.9%), enrofloxacin (89.2%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (86.5%), amoxicillin: clavulanic acid (81.1%), colistin and gentamicin (75.7%), ceftriaxone and ceftiofur (64.9%), ceftazidime (35.1%) and 97.3% showed multidrug-resistance (MDR). There were 8 (21.6%) mcr-1 carriers, 10 (27.0%) mcr-3 carriers and 10 (27.0%) co-occurrent mcr-1 and mcr-3 isolates. The phenotype-genotype correlation of colistin resistance was statistically significant (performed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ = 0.853; p < 0.001)). In addition, PCR results determined that 28 of 37 (75.7%) isolates carried the int1 gene, and 85.7% int1-positive isolates also carried the mcr gene. Genetic profiling of E. coli isolates performed by ERIC-PCR showed diverse genetics, differentiated into thirteen groups with 65% similarity. Knowledge of the molecular origins of multidrug-resistant E. coli should be helpful for when attempting to utilize antibiotics in the pig industry. In terms of public health awareness, the possibility of transmitting antibiotic-resistant E. coli from diarrheic piglets to other bacteria in pigs and humans should be of concern.

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“…In Brazil, studies on the presence of ESBL in domestic animals and free-living birds are still more scarce and were mainly concentrated in the southern and southeastern regions [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48], with only a few studies conducted in the northeast [17,49,50]. The prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria observed in these studies is considered variable due to the lack of a pattern in the number of samples, varying, for example, from 32 to 257 samples [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales at the Human–Domestic Animal–Wildlife Interface: A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

da Silva,

Fuentes-Castillo,

Ewbank

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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The use, misuse, and overuse of antimicrobials is one of the main public health threats of the 21st century. We investigated the risk factor of the presence of extended-spectrum, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in feces of non-domestic and domestic birds and other domestic animals in Piauí State, northeast Brazil. We collected a total of 387 cloacal and rectal swab samples of free-living birds, domestic birds, and domestic mammals in five municipalities: Amarante, Água Branca, Lagoa Alegre, Parnaíba, and Teresina. A total of 59/387 (15.2%) of these samples harbored extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Using the MALDI-TOF technique, we identified fifty-seven samples as Escherichia coli and two samples as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Teresina and Parnaíba had the highest prevalence of animals with resistant bacteria (32.1% and 27.1%, respectively) and highest exposure risk factor (OR of 16.06 and 8.58, respectively, and p < 0.001 for all). Multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were observed in 72.8% of the samples (43/59). For the free-living birds, the positive samples belonged to a great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) and a semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) in migratory and resident species, respectively. For domestic animals, the swine samples showed the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The lack of access to veterinary care and information regarding antimicrobial therapy, along with the easy access to antimicrobials without medical prescription, favors the inadequate use of antimicrobials in Piauí.

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Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from pig carcasses

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Enumeration, Antimicrobial Resistance and Typing of Salmonella enterica: Profile of Strains Carried in the Intestinal Contents of Pigs at Slaughter in Southern Brazil

Enumeration, Antimicrobial Resistance and Typing of Salmonella enterica: Profile of Strains Carried in the Intestinal Contents of Pigs at Slaughter in Southern Brazil

Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from diarrheic piglets from pig farms in Thailand that harbor colistin-resistant mcr genes

ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales at the Human–Domestic Animal–Wildlife Interface: A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in Piauí, Northeastern Brazil

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