Experimental poisoning by cassava wastewater in sheep

Silva, Valdir C.; Oliveira, Luciana Alves de; Lacerda, Maira dos Santos Carneiro; Pimentel, Luciano A.; Santos, Wiles S.; Macêdo, Juliana Targino Silva Almeida e; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Pedroso, Pedro Miguel Ocampos

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100008

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…A simple processing method is by drying, but poisoning incidents still occur frequently. Silva et al (2017) revealed that cassava's cyanogenic glycosides contain linamarin, lotaustralin, and α-hydroxynitrile showing clinical symptoms on sheeps such as nervous and digestive disorders. The higher the cyanide contained, the incidence of death is higher (Kennedy et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia

Pratama

HERAWATI²,

NURANISA³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Pratama AM, Herawati O, Nuranisa NR, Hanifah N, Wijayanti AD, Rahmatullah S, Nurani E, Budiyanto A. 2021. Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 446-452. Local farmers in Bojonegoro District use plants as the main food source and to treat several diseases for their livestock. However, they also comprise a large variety of poisonous plants known by a secondary chemical compound that causes death in the livestock. This study aims to identify the potentially poisonous plants to livestock and their veterinary importance. The study was conducted by interviewing local farmers as we require data as a source of information to provide an overview of their knowledge and experience about poisonous plants that can endanger livestock health. Respondents consisted of 40 local farmers from more than 20 livestock groups in Bojonegoro District. Data were analyzed by Frequency of Citation (Fic), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Frequency of Plant Part (FPP), Symptoms of Poisonous Plants Frequency (SPPF), Livestock Affected Frequency (LAF). A total of nine plants were identified and documented to have poisonous effects on livestock animals, namely leaf of lophatheri (Lophatherum gracile), leaf and tuber skin of cassava (Manihot esculenta), leaf of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), leaf of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), leaf of Chinese albizia (Albizia chinensis), leaf of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), leaf of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), rotten fruit of (jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus), and leaf of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). Leaf of Lophatherum gracile was the most poisonous plant part for livestock. Furthermore, the leaves of plants are frequently poisonous. Bloating, hypersalivation, frothy mouth, death, and inappetence were among the frequently manifested signs by poisoned livestock. Moreover, this study showed that ruminants species were the most susceptible to poisoned animals. Improper handling of plants for animal feed is thought to trigger poisoning. Therefore a proper feeding preparation is needed before being given as forage. Although those plants can cause toxic effects on livestock, they have tremendous potential to become herbal medicine with the proper formulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia

Pratama

HERAWATI²,

NURANISA³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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“…If reduction of cyanide levels delays postharvest physiological deterioration of storage roots, the increased shelf life could economically benefit farmers and other stakeholders in the value chain (Zainuddin et al, 2018). At the industrial scale, processing of acyanogenic cassava would not release cyanide into wastewater, thereby reducing the labor and cost of wastewater treatment and/or the toxicity to local terrestrial and aquatic life (Adewoye et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2017). Moreover, acyanogenic cassava cultivars would be a boon for food safety and consumer wellness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production

et al. 2023

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a starchy root crop that supports over a billion people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This staple, however, produces the neurotoxin cyanide and requires processing for safe consumption. Excessive consumption of insufficiently processed cassava, in combination with protein-poor diets, can have neurodegenerative impacts. This problem is further exacerbated by drought conditions which increase this toxin in the plant. To reduce cyanide levels in cassava, we used CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis to disrupt the cytochrome P450 genes CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 whose protein products catalyze the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. Knockout of both genes eliminated cyanide in leaves and storage roots of cassava accession 60444; the West African, farmer-preferred cultivar TME 419; and the improved variety TMS 91/02324. Although knockout of CYP79D2 alone resulted in significant reduction of cyanide, mutagenesis of CYP79D1 did not, indicating these paralogs have diverged in their function. The congruence of results across accessions indicates that our approach could readily be extended to other preferred or improved cultivars. This work demonstrates cassava genome editing for enhanced food safety and reduced processing burden, against the backdrop of a changing climate.

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“…Women and girls, who disproportionately bear the burden of this labor, may then be at greater liberty to pursue other forms of work and education. At the industrial scale, processing of acyanogenic cassava would not release cyanide into wastewater, thereby reducing the labor and cost of wastewater treatment and/or the toxicity to local terrestrial and aquatic life (Adewoye et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2017). Moreover, acyanogenic cassava cultivars would be a boon for food safety and consumer wellness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production

Gomez

Berkoff

Gill

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a starchy root crop that supports over a billion people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This staple, however, produces toxic cyanogenic compounds and requires processing for safe consumption. Excessive consumption of insufficiently processed cassava, in combination with protein-poor diets, can have neurodegenerative impacts. Reducing the cyanogen content by conventional breeding is problematic due to the heterozygous nature of the crop; recombination will generally disrupt a clonally propagated cultivar's suite of desirable traits. To reduce cyanide levels in cassava, we used CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis to disrupt the cytochrome P450 genes CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 whose protein products catalyze the first step in cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis. Knockout of both genes eliminated cyanide in leaves and storage roots of cassava accession 60444 and the West African, farmer-preferred cultivar TME 419. Although knockout of CYP79D2 alone resulted in significant reduction of cyanide, mutagenesis of CYP79D1 did not, indicating these paralogs have diverged in their function. Our work demonstrates cassava genome editing for food safety, reduced processing requirements, and environmental benefits that could be readily extended to other farmer-preferred cultivars.

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Experimental poisoning by cassava wastewater in sheep

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia

Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CYP79D1 and CYP79D2 in cassava attenuates toxic cyanogen production

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