Development of the central nervous system in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Rodentia, Caviidae)

Silva, Fernanda Menezes de Oliveira e; Alcântara, Dayane; Carvalho, R. R. de; Favaron, Phelipe Oliveira; Santos, Amílton Cesar dos; Viana, Diego Carvalho; Miglino, María Angélica

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800013

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Thus, by adding knowledge about the macroscopy, microscopy and ultrastructure of this system that the morphologist is able to give its biggest contribution in applied sciences. The nervous system is a very active field of research (Hildebrand & Goslow 2006, Silva et al 2016. Then, in present studies, detailed data were found and might be useful for future researches on the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In addition, the greatest susceptibility to teratogens is the embryonic period (Evans & Sack 1973), the stage in which the primitive germ layers form the major organs. Every organ has a critical stage of development, featuring an ordered sequence of biochemical processes involved, which are integrated by several genes, which lead to growth and its differentiation (Arthur 1979, Moore & Persaud 2004, Synowatz 2010, Silva et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNS researches are extremely important to the most common congenital disorders and organogenesis comprehension (Silva et al 2016). However, few studies show the entire developmental process during the critical period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine central nervous system development

et al. 2018

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Central nervous system (CNS) development researches are extremely important to the most common congenital disorders and organogenesis comprehension. However, few studies show the entire developmental process during the critical period. Present research can provide data to new researches related to normal development and abnormalities and changes that occur along the CNS organogenesis, especially nowadays with the need for preliminary studies in animal models, which could be used for experimental research on the influence of viruses, such as the influence of Zika virus on the development of the neural system and its correlation with microcephaly in human newborns. Then, present study describes CNS organogenesis in cattle according to microscopic and macroscopic aspects, identifying structures and correlating to gestational period. Fourteen embryos and nine bovine fetuses at different ages were collected and analyzed. All individuals were measured in order to detect the gestational period. Bovine embryo at 17 days age has its neural tube, cranial neuropore, caudal neuropore and somites developed. After 24 days of development, were observed in cranial part of neural tube five encephalic vesicles denominated: telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon. In addition, the caudal part of neural tube was identified with the primitive spinal cord. The primordial CNS differentiation occurred from 90 to 110 days. The five encephalic vesicles, primordial spinal cord and the cavities: third ventricule, mesencephalic aqueduct, fourth ventricle and central canal in spinal cord were observed. With 90 days, the main structures were identified: (1) cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum and fornix, of the telencephalon; (2) interthalamic adhesion, thalamus, hypothalamus and epythalamus (glandula pinealis), of the diencephalon; (3) cerebral peduncles and quadruplets bodies, of the mesencephalon; (4) pons and cerebellum, of the metencephalon; (5) medulla oblongata or bulb, of the myelencephalon; and (6) spinal cord, of the primitive spinal cord. After 110 days of gestation, the five encephalic vesicles and its structures were completely developed. It was noted the presence of the spinal cord with the cervicothoracic and lumbossacral intumescences. In summary, the results describes the formation of the neural tube from the neural plate of the ectoderm, the encephalic vesicles derived from the neural tube and subsequent structural and cavities subdivisions, thus representing the complete embryology of the central nervous system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine central nervous system development

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“…The guinea pigs were challenged early in pregnancy because birth defects, including brain abnormalities, have been observed most frequently in humans when ZIKV infection occurs during the first trimester [ 8 ]. The guinea pig brain is largely undifferentiated at 18 days gestational age and rapidly differentiates in the following 14 day period [ 34 ]. Dams were weighed daily and whole blood and/or plasma were collected at regular intervals to assess the presence of viremia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarities between human and guinea pig fetal development and pregnancy make the rodent an appealing system for the development of a small animal model of congenital ZIKV syndrome [ 19 , 34 , 40 ]. ZIKV infection in nongravid guinea pigs does cause low-level acute viremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Zika virus replication and the development of Zika-specific antibodies after a mid-gestation viral challenge in guinea pigs

et al. 2017

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Primary Zika virus (ZIKV) infections that occur during pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion and profoundly disrupt fetal development. While the full range of developmental abnormalities associated with congenital Zika syndrome is not yet known, severe cases of the syndrome can present with microcephaly, extensive neurologic and ocular damage, and pronounced joint malformations. Animal models that accurately recapitulate congenital Zika syndrome are urgently needed for vaccine development and for the study of ZIKV pathogenesis. As guinea pigs have successfully been used to model transplacental infections by cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and Listeria monocytogenes, we sought to test whether ZIKV could productively infect guinea pigs and whether viral transmission with attendant fetal pathology would occur after a mid-gestation viral challenge. We found that guinea pig cells supported ZIKV replication in vitro. Experimental infection of non-pregnant animals did not result in overt disease but low-level, detectable viremia was observed. When pregnant guinea pigs were challenged with ZIKV at between 18 and 21 days gestational age, ZIKV was not detected in maternal or pup blood, plasma, or tissues and no significant differences in maternal weight gain or pup size were observed following challenge. Nonetheless, a robust antibody response against ZIKV was detected in both the pups and dams. These results suggest that, while guinea pigs can model aspects of the immune response to ZIKV infection during pregnancy, naturally circulating ZIKV strains are not pathogenic during the pregnancy of immunocompetent guinea pigs and do not interfere with normal pup development.

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Central nervous system development in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758)

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Morais‐Pinto

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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The present study describes the embryonic and fetal development of the central nervous system in rabbits from the seventh day after conception until the end of the full-term fetal period. A total of 19 embryonic and fetal samples were carefully dissected and microscopically analyzed. Neural tube closure was observed between 7.5 and 8 days of gestation. Primordial encephalic vesicle differentiation and spinal canal delimitation were observed on the 12th day of gestation. Histologically, on the 15th day of gestation, the brain, cerebellum, and brain stem were delimited. On the 18th day of gestation, the cervical and lumbar intumescences of the spinal cord were visible. On the 28th day of gestation, four-cell layers could be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, while the cerebellar cortex was still differentiating. Overall, the morphological aspects of the embryonic and fetal developmental phases in rabbits were highly similar to those in humans. Thus, the present study provides relevant information highlighting rabbits as an excellent candidate animal model for preclinical research on human neurological diseases given the high adaptability of rabbits to bioterium conditions and the similarity of morphological events between rabbits and humans.

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Development of the central nervous system in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Rodentia, Caviidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Bovine central nervous system development

Bovine central nervous system development

Assessing Zika virus replication and the development of Zika-specific antibodies after a mid-gestation viral challenge in guinea pigs

Central nervous system development in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758)

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