Effects of Cinnamon extract on biochemical enzymes, TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression levels in liver of broiler chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Efeitos de extrato de canela sobre os ní-veis de enzimas bioquímicos, e expressão de genes de TNF-α e NF-κB em fígado de frangos de corte inoculadas com Escherichia coli.] Infecção ocasionada por Escherichia coli (E. coli) é uma enfermidade comum na indústria avícola. O uso de antibióticos para tratar doenças bacterianas vem enfrentando sérias críticas e preocupações. As plantas medicinais podem ser alternativas eficazes por causa de suas atividades sinérgicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do extrato de canela sobre os ní-veis de as enzimas hepáticas bem como sobre a expressão dos genes relativos, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-α) e fator nuclear -kappa B (NF-κB) em fígado de frangos de corte infectados com E. coli. is a common disease in poultry industry. The use of antibiotics to treat diseases is facing serious criticism and concerns. The medicinal plants may be effective alternatives because of their multiplex activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamon extract on the levels of liver enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) gene expressions in liver of broiler chickens infected with E. coli. Ninety Ross-308 broilers were divided into healthy or E. coli--infected groups, receiving normal or cinnamon extract (in concentrations of 100 or 200mg/ kg of food) supplemented diets. E. coli suspension (10 8 cfu) was injected subcutaneously after 12 days cinnamon administration. Seventy-two hours after E. coli injection, the blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis of liver enzymes in serum (spectrophotometrically), and liver tissue samples were obtained for detection of gene expression of inflammatory markers TNF-α and NF-κB, using real-time PCR. Infection with E. coli significantly increased the levels of TNF-α and NF-κB gene expressions as well as some liver enzymes including creatine-kinase (CK), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine-transferase (ALT) and aspartate-transferase (AST) as compared with control group (P<0.05). Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in broilers diet (in both concentrations) significantly reduced the tissue levels of TNF-α and NF-κB gene expressions and enzymes CK and ALT in serum of broiler chickens inoculated with E. coli in comparison with E. coli group (P<0.05 and P<0.01). The levels of LDH and AST were significantly decreased only by 200mg/kg cinnamon extract in infected broilers. The level of alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) was not affected in any groups. Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in diets of broiler chickens inoculated with E. coli could significantly reduce the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and liver enzymes activities, thereby protecting the liver against this pathologic condition.INDEX TERMS: Cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor--kappa B, broiler chickens, Escherichia coli.

The Effect of Administration of a Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil and Citric Acid on the Metabolism, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

“…In our study, the addition of cinnamon oil to the diet of chickens also markedly decreased the activity of GGT, CK, LDH, and ALP. Similar results of the use of cinnamon oil in chicken diets have been reported by Tabatabaei et al [ 52 ], notably in chickens infected with E. coli as well. Administration of the phytobiotic containing cinnamon oil also improved immune parameters.…”

“…Many researchers have tested various cinnamon-based preparations in the diet of poultry and obtained satisfactory growth performance. Dietary supplementation with cinnamon oil has been shown to improve the growth performance of broiler chickens [ 41 , 44 , 50 , 52 ] and quails [ 32 , 47 ], as well as resulting in a more favorable feed conversion ratio [ 32 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. According to Milind and Deepa [ 56 ], cinnamon oil contains numerous volatile compounds, as well as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which improve rearing efficiency and FCR and reduce mortality in chickens.…”

Thymol Nanoemulsion: A New Therapeutic Option for Extensively Drug Resistant Foodborne Pathogens

“…The relative gene expression data were assessed using the 2 −ΔΔCt method [ 59 ]. Target gene primers and probes used in this study have been described previously [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

The role of cinnamon as a modulator of the expression of genes related to antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism of laying quails

“…Besides to TBARS, higher plasma content of CK was also observed in birds receiving the NCS diet. This may indicate that there was more oxidative damage to the muscle proteins of these birds than those treated with cinnamon addition, since elevated levels of serum CK is an indication of changes in cell membrane permeability as a result of tissue damage [ 29 ], mainly caused by ROS; membranes damaged by ROS can rupture, causing the cellular contents to extravasate.…”