Lead poisoning in cattle and chickens in the state of Pará, Brazil

Barbosa, José Diomedes; Campos, Karinny Ferreira; Duarte, Marcos Dutra; Júnior, Pedro Soares Bezerra; Gava, Aldo; Salvarani, Felipe Masiero; Oliveira, Carlos Magno Chaves

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2014001100007

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Os bovinos intoxicados por chumbo desse estudo eram adultos, machos castrados e sem raça definida. Embora bovinos jovens sejam mais acometidos pela doença, todas as categorias podem ser afetadas, sem predisposição por sexo e raça [1][2][3][4]7,13,14]. A natureza inquisitiva dos bovinos, aliado aos hábitos alimentares não seletivos, contribuem para um alto número de intoxicações por chumbo nessa espécie [1,3,4,7].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Intoxicação por chumbo (Pb) é uma das principais enfermidades tóxicas de animais de produção [3,9,13,14]. Todas as espécies são suscetíveis, entretanto, a doença é comumente relatada em bovinos [2,5,10,11,15] e ocasionalmente descrita em ovinos, equinos, caninos, felinos, aves e suínos [3,9,13,14]. O chumbo é um metal pesado ubíquo no ambiente e os bovinos podem se intoxicar ao ingerirem produtos que contêm esse elemento ou através de pastagens ou fontes de água contaminadas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Lead Poisoning in Cattle Held in a Military Training area

Guagnini¹,

Corrêa

Pescador

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Lead poisoning is one of the major toxic diseases of cattle. Contamination occurs with ingestion of products containing lead, especially batteries, or through contaminated pastures and water sources. Clinical signs are neurological and necropsy findings and histopathological changes may vary depending on the clinical presentation. Although the diseaseis widely reported in the literature, there are rare descriptions of intoxication in cattle raised in military training areas. This work describes the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological features of an outbreak of lead poisoning in cattle kept in a military artillery training camp.Case: Fifteen cattle out of a herd of sixty 4-6 year-old, mixed breed castrated males were affected. The cattle were held in a 100 ha of native pasture used for military artillery training. After three weeks in this area, the affected cattle had predominantly neurological clinical manifestations, characterized by somnolence, ambulatory incoordination, muscle tremors,bruxism, aimless walking, blindness and decubitus. The clinical course was 24-72 h. Eight of the 15 affected cattle died and two were necropsied. Necropsy finds were non-specific and the histological lesions of both necropsied cattle were restricted to the brain and kidneys. Laminar neuronal necrosis, neuropil vacuolization (spongiosis) and vascular endothelial hypertrophy were observed in the telencephalic cortex. Additionally there was astrocytic degeneration and neuronophagia.There was degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelium and in one bovine there were intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal epithelial cells; these inclusion bodies were highlighted using both modified Ziehl-Neelsen and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains. The levels of lead found in the kidneys and livers of the two necropsied cattle were respectively51.7 μg/g and 41.00 μg/g for one of the necropsied cattle; and 431μg/g and 39.0 μg/g for the other. After the diagnosis of intoxication, cattle were removed from the area and the remaining seven affected bovines recovered.Discussion: The diagnosis of lead poisoning in cattle in the current study was based on epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological data and in the determination of lead levels in the kidney and liver. The association of these data provides an invaluable aid in confirming a presumptive diagnosis of lead poisoning. Pasturing on military artillery training fieldsis a rarely described form source of lead for the intoxication in bovine species. In such cases, cattle may ingest the lead directly from the soil or through contaminated pastures containing lead dust on the surface of the leaves. Histologically, laminar neuronal necrosis in the telencephalic cortex, associated with tubular necrosis and intranuclear inclusion bodies intubular epithelial cells, are characteristic features of the intoxication. These changes are usually associated with ischemic anoxia in the nervous system and alteration in nuclear function which interferes in gene expression in the kidney. Lead poisoning in cattle should be differentiated from other neurological conditions, especially rabies, hepatic encephalopathyand several causes of polioencephalomalacia. Areas of military artillery training are unfit for the development of agricultural exploitation activities, as they represent potential sources of contamination for livestock.Keywords: diseases of cattle, toxicology, heavy metal, polioencephalomalacia.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Lead Poisoning in Cattle Held in a Military Training area

Guagnini¹,

Corrêa

Pescador

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…This compound is an environmentally hazardous insecticide, that has been banned from the market in many countries given its persistence and potential risk to public health. Likewise, there have been some Pb poisoning cases reported in the South of Brazil, related to the presence of rusty paint cans and Pb plates derived from truck batteries in the soil, finding levels up to 110 mg kg −1 in the animal livers [5,29]. Also, problems have been associated to water consumption, especially in waterways that use Pb pipes in livestock watering facilities [10].…”

Section: Application To Beef Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Cd, Pb and Se in beef samples using aerosol dilution by ICP-MS

et al. 2021

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An analytical method for sample preparation and subsequent determination of Cd, Pb and Se in beef using aerosol dilution by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was developed. The use of high matrix introduction technology allowed the introduction of a complex sample into the plasma with higher content of total dissolved solids a residual acidity of 4% and better tolerance to matrix effects. Trueness was verified by the analysis of two reference materials. At the 95% significance level, results were statistically equivalent to the certified or informed values. Analytical precision expressed as relative standard deviation was less than 9% in all cases. After validation, a total of 12 beef samples from Uruguay were analyzed. Obtained levels for Cd and Pb were far below the maximum limits established by international regulations in all samples. Also, results showed that beef from this region is a good source of Se in the range 0.120-0.870 mg kg −1 with an interesting contribution to the daily intake of this essential element.

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Lead poisoning in cattle

Bates¹,

Payne

2017

Livestock

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Lead is a ubiquitous heavy metal with no biological role. Lead poisoning is one of the most commonly diagnosed causes of poisoning in cattle, which in addition to causing animal health and animal welfare issues can have significant economic and food safety implications. Clinical signs of lead poisoning in cattle include gastrointestinal and neurological signs with anorexia, bellowing, dullness, blindness and head pressing. Convulsions, opisthotonus and coma also occur in severe cases. If these severe clinical signs are missed lead poisoning can appear as a sudden death. Longer term, fertility can be impaired. Management involves identifying the source and preventing further exposure by removing it or by moving the cattle away, providing supportive care to exposed cattle with chelation therapy, if practical, and ensuring that issues associated with food safety are addressed. Although animals with less severe clinical signs can recover, tissue lead concentrations can remain elevated for months to years posing a potential issue with lead residues in the food chain.

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Lead poisoning in cattle and chickens in the state of Pará, Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Lead Poisoning in Cattle Held in a Military Training area

Lead Poisoning in Cattle Held in a Military Training area

Determination of Cd, Pb and Se in beef samples using aerosol dilution by ICP-MS

Lead poisoning in cattle

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