Enfermidades diagnosticadas em bezerros na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(4): 423-430, abril 2013 423 RESUMO.-O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a frequência das enfermidades que ocorrem em bovinos até um ano de idade na área de influência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) estabelecendo os principais fatores epidemiológicos associados à ocorrência dessas enfermidades. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsias realizadas e de materiais de bovinos até um ano de idade, encaminhados ao LRD/UFPel entre 2000 e 2011. Em 35,6% dos casos, os bezerros eram de raças leiteiras e em 33,98% eram animais de raças de corte, 18,3% dos ABSTRACT.-Assis-Brasil N.D., Marcolongo-Pereira C., Hinnah F.L., Ladeira S.R.L., Sallis E.S.V., Grecco F.B. & Schild A.L. 2013. [Diseases diagnosed in calves in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enfermidades diagnosticadas em bezerros na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33 (4): [423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430]. The aim of this study was to report the frequency of diseases affecting cattle under one year of age in the area of influence of the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Veterinary School of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), establishing the main epidemiological factors associated with the occurrence of these diseases. The necropsy protocols and protocols of mailed in tissues from cattle under one year of age, submitted during 2000-2011 to LRD/UFPel for diagnosis, were reviewed. In 35.6% of the cases, the calves were of dairy breeds, 33.9% were beef calves, 18.3% were of mixed breed, and in 12.1% of the cases the breed was not informed. The organ systems most affected were the central nervous system (22.7%), digestive tract (18.6%) and respiratory system (16.8%). The diagnoses were divided by age groups: 88 calves were 1-90 days of age, 42 were 4-6 months, 32 were 7-9 months, and 44 cattle were 10-12 months of age. The disease most often diagnosed in 1 to 90-day-old calves were pneumonia, malformations and encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, with 19.3%, 15.9% and 11.3% of cases respectively. In 4 to 6-month-old calves, pneumonia occurred in 16.5% of cases, and blackleg and diarrhea accounted for 7.1% of diagnoses each. In 7 to 9-month-old calves the most frequent diseases were pneumonia and tetanus with 9.3% of cases, and babesiosis and gastrointestinal parasitosis with 6.2% each. In 10 to 12-month-old calves, infection by BoHV-5 represented 13.6% of cases, and pneumonia, rabies and parasitosis was observed in 9% of cases each. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that infectious diseases related to the respiratory system were important causes of mortality in calves of all ages until 12 months in the area of influence of LRD and their occurrence may be influenced by environmental factors and by management. Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis were also important as cause of mortality in 3-month-old calves.

Suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system in domestic ruminants

“…Suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis were the main causes of SIND in cattle, which is similar to the previously described by Ribas et al (2013) and Assis--Brasil et al (2013). Bacterial leptomeningitis is the main neurological condition in ruminant newborns , Fecteau et al 2009), as it was observed in the present study, which has found that animals affected were three to 30 days old.…”

“…Fibrinoid degeneration and necrosis of blood vessels in the CNS associated to multifocal thrombosis and Gitter cells infiltrate have also been observed, and are directly related to E. coli infection, resulting in cerebral infarcts (Seimiya et al 1992). E. coli is the main bacteria related to neonatal suppurative meningitis and septicemia (Kessell et al 2011, Assis-Brasil et al 2013, which is attributed to its capacity of adhesion, serum survival, aerobactin production and toxin syntheses (Fecteau et al 2009). Other agents are also involved in septicemic processes that culminate with the development of neurological diseases during the neonatal period, including Salmonella sp., Streptococcus sp., Mycoplasma sp., Pasteurella sp., T. pyogenes and Chromobacterium violaceum (Ajithdoss et al 2009, Kessell et al 2011.…”

Doenças respiratórias em bezerros na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo retrospectivo de 33 surtos

“…Em um levantamento das causas de morte em bovinos até um ano de idade recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel) entre 2000-2011 foi observado que de um total de 220 bezerros 16,8% morreram em consequência de doenças respiratórias (Assis-Brasil et al 2013).…”

Enfermidades do sistema digestório de bovinos da região semiárida do Brasil

“…Brasil et al (2013) sobre as principais afecções de bovinos necropsiados com até um ano de idade os autores observaram que a partir dos seis meses as parasitoses por nematódeos gastrintestinais foram as principais enfermidades do trato digestivo, o que pode ser atribuído ao desmame, uma vez que os bovinos são mais susceptíveis às parasitoses nessa fase. Considerando que as condições climáticas da região semiárida, na maior parte dos meses do ano, não são favoráveis aos parasitos, as helmintoses gastrintestinais não deveriam ser um problema.…”