Research of Salmonella spp. and evaluation of pathogenicity, cytotoxicity of Escherichia coli isolates proceeding from sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Vilela, Sineide M.O.; Júnior, José Wilton Pinheiro; Silva, José S.A.; Pace, Fernanda de; Silveira, Wanderley Dias da; Saukas, Tomoe N.; Reis, Eliane Moura Falavina dos

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2012000900019

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Vilela et al [57] investigated this microorganism in fecal samples of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that lived around farms in the State of Pernambuco and found lower percentages (13.2%). Callaway et al [58] analyzed cloacal swab samples from 376 migratory birds, which included Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater),…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in Mulungu, Brazil

Beleza

Maciel

Carreira

et al. 2021

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Caatinga is a biome unique to Brazil that is degraded by anthropogenic actions, which lead to the loss of biodiversity putting many species at risk of extinction. The Ceará State is located in the Caatinga and has a rich avifauna comprised of 433 species including 13 species that are threatened with extinction, which are found in the Baturité Massif. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and diversity of enterobacteria in wild birds and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 50 individuals of 28 different species, including the Ceara Gnatheter (Conopophaga cearae) and Red-necked Tanager (Tangara cyanocephala cearensis), which are classified as vulnerable (VU) by the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment. A total of 55 isolates belonging to 14 different species of Enterobacteriaceae were identified. Among these, Pantoea agglomerans and Escherichia coli were the most prevalent species with isolation rates of 36% and 26%, respectively. The highest rate of antimicrobial resistance found was to ampicillin (41.8%), followed by nalidixic Acid (36.3%) and amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid (32.7%). The drugs with the best efficacy were tobramycin (96.4%), ciprofloxacin (92.6%) and tetracycline (90.9%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 23.5% of the analyzed strains. This research provides important information about the composition of the cloacal microbiota of wild birds in Mulungu, Brazil, as well as their health status. In addition, these results demonstrate that they harbor multidrug-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in Mulungu, Brazil

Beleza

Maciel

Carreira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Free-living birds from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil as hosts of Enterobacterales, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia psittaci

et al. 2021

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Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans?

2020

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Enteric illnesses remain the second largest source of communicable diseases worldwide, and wild birds are suspected sources for human infection. This has led to efforts to reduce pathogen spillover through deterrence of wildlife and removal of wildlife habitat, particularly within farming systems, which can compromise conservation efforts and the ecosystem services wild birds provide. Further, Salmonella spp. are a significant cause of avian mortality, leading to additional conservation concerns. Despite numerous studies of enteric bacteria in wild birds and policies to discourage birds from food systems, we lack a comprehensive understanding of wild bird involvement in transmission of enteric bacteria to humans. Here, we propose a framework for understanding spillover of enteric pathogens from wild birds to humans, which includes pathogen acquisition, reservoir competence and bacterial shedding, contact with people and food, and pathogen survival in the environment. We place the literature into this framework to identify important knowledge gaps. Second, we conduct a meta-analysis of prevalence data for three human enteric pathogens, Campylobacter spp., E. coli, and Salmonella spp., in 431 North American breeding bird species. Our literature review revealed that only 3% of studies addressed the complete system of pathogen transmission. In our meta-analysis, we found a Campylobacter spp. prevalence of 27% across wild birds, while prevalence estimates of pathogenic E. coli (20%) and Salmonella spp. (6.4%) were lower. There was significant bias in which bird species have been tested, with most studies focusing on a small number of taxa that are common near people (e.g. European starlings Sturnus vulgaris and rock pigeons Columba livia) or commonly in contact with human waste (e.g. gulls). No pathogen prevalence data were available for 65% of North American breeding bird species, including many commonly in contact with humans (e.g. black-billed magpie Pica hudsonia and great blue heron Ardea herodias), and our metadata suggest that some under-studied species, taxonomic groups, and guilds may represent equivalent or greater risk to human infection than heavily studied species. We conclude that current data do not provide sufficient information to determine the likelihood of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans and thus preclude management solutions. The primary focus in the literature on pathogen prevalence likely overestimates the probability of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans because a pathogen must survive long enough at an infectious dose and be a strain that is able to colonize humans to cause infection. We propose that future research should focus on the large number of under-studied species commonly in contact with people and food production and demonstrate shedding of bacterial strains pathogenic to humans into the environment where people may contact them. Finally, studies assessing the duration and intensity of bacterial shedding and survival of bacteria in the environme...

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Research of Salmonella spp. and evaluation of pathogenicity, cytotoxicity of Escherichia coli isolates proceeding from sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in Mulungu, Brazil

Wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria in Mulungu, Brazil

Free-living birds from Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil as hosts of Enterobacterales, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia psittaci

Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans?

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