Intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em bovinos

Abstract

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(11):951-957, novembro 2009 RESUMO.-Descrevem-se aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação natural por Stryphnodendron fissuratum em bovinos na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Esta planta possui favas retorcidas, conhecidas popularmente por "rosquinha", que amadurecem entre julho e setembro, caem ao solo e são consumidas por bovinos, sendo relacionadas com mortalidades. Foram investigados surtos de intoxicação espontânea que ocorreram nos municípios de Aruanã, GO, Guiratinga e Rondonópolis, MT e Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, MS. Em geral, a intoxicação ocorreu em propriedades de pecuária extensiva, com rebanhos da raça Nelore e em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. Nos casos naturais, a evolução clínica variou em média de 24 horas até 10 dias e a morbidade e a letalidade variaram de 0,9 a 25% e de 15 a 100%, respectivamente. Os principais sinais clínicos na intoxicação natural foram depressão, anorexia, agressividade, icterícia, sialorréia, incoor- The coiled pods of this tree are popularly known as "rosquinha" (small coil); they mature during July-September, when they fall to the ground, and are consumed by cattle causing mortalities. Spontaneous outbreaks of poisoning were investigated in the municipalities of Aruanã, State of Goias, Guiratinga and Rondonópolis State of Mato Grosso, and Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Commonly the poisoning occurred in properties with Nelore cattle herds, which were raised extensively on Brachiaria spp. pastures. The clinical course in natural cases ranged from 24 hours to 10 days, and the morbidity and case fatality rates were 0.9-25% and 15-100%, respectively. The main clinical signs in the spontaneous poisoning were apathy, anorexia, agressiveness, jaundice, sialorrhoea, incoordination, dysmetria, retraction of the abdomen, uneasiness and pasty black feces with stings of mucus or blood, diarrhea, edema of the dewlap and photosensitization. At necropsy, jaundice, edema of the subcutaneous tissue, mainly of the cervical region, hemorrhages of serous membranes, ascitis and hidrotorax, edema of the mesentery, perirenal edema, increased size of liver and kidney, reddening of the ruminal mucosa, and abomasum ulcers were observed. The diagnosis of S. fissuratum poisoning was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings, and in the experimental reproduction by the administration of the pods of this plant to cattle. Experimentally, daily doses of 4 and 20g of pods by kg body weight, respectively, were administered to two bovines. Both animals had digestive signs and died, but photosensitization was not observed. Intoxicação porINDEX TERMS: Poisonous plants, Stryphnodendron fissuratum, plant poisoning, cattle, pathology.

Acute and chronic toxicity and antimicrobial activity of the extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville

“…Liver lesions have been described in ruminants after intake of mashed beans from Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Ferreira et al 2009, Aguiar-Filho 2013. Fonseca & Linbradi (2008) reported that possible toxicity of tannins in dye prepared with bark of Stryphnodendron barbatiman occurred in mammalian cells.…”

“…Macáková et al (2014) and Okuda & Ito (2011) described a wide pharmacological spectrum of activity of polyphenols including hydrolysable tannins. However, Ferreira et al (2009) and Aguiar-Filho (2013) reported intoxication of ruminants with plants that have tannins.…”

Plants that cause photosensitivity in ruminants in Brazil

“…Tokarnia et al (1998) also reported abortions in cows and Albuquerque et al (2011) induced abortions in goats through ingestion of S. fissuratum pods. Ferreira et al (2009) failed to reproduce photosensitivity by the administration of S. fissuratum pods in cattle, suggesting that the failure was due to lack of exposure to the sun and to the lesser degree of liver injury observed in the experimental cattle compared to the liver injury observed in the spontaneous intoxication.…”

A review of poisonous plants that cause reproductive failure and malformations in the ruminants of Brazil

“…; Tokarnia et al , ; Grecco et al , ; Mendoça et al , ), Enterolobium gummiferum (Deutsch et al , ), Stryphnodendron coriaceum (Fig. ; Dobereiner and Canela, ; Tokarnia et al , ), Stryphnodendron obovatum (Tokarnia et al , ) and Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Ferreira et al , ). These trees produce pods that, when consumed, have been associated with digestive signs, photosensitivity and abortion in cattle.…”