Virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)

Nakazato, Gerson; Campos, Tatiana Amabile de; Stehling, Eliana Guedes; Brocchi, Marcelo; Silveira, Wanderley Dias da

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2009000700001

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…It means that the absence of a virulence gene does not lead to the absence of associated phenotype. It implies that different strains of APEC could apply alternative approaches to infect the host (Nakazato et al 2009). It is recommended that overlay effects and alternatives of these factors and associated genes be investigated regarding to region (Dias da Silveira et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of iss and irp2 genes by PCR method in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry with colibacillosis in comparison with healthy chicken in poultry farms of Zabol, South East of Iran

Bonjar¹,

Salari²,

Jahantigh³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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There is no special trait for differentiation of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Avian Fecal Escherichia coli. This investigation is aimed, as a case control study, to evaluate and compare the frequency of iss and irp2 in 43 AFEC strains and also 40 and 56 E. coli strains isolated from the liver and kidney of chickens with colibacillosis, respectively, farmed in Zabol, as a border region of Iran, by PCR. 86.9% and 37.2% of isolates collected from chickens with colibacillosis and feces samples obtained from healthy chickens were positive for iss gene, respectively (P<0.05). On average, 59.3% of E. coli strains isolated from colibacillosis have irp2 gene while 27.9% of isolates from the feces of healthy birds were positive (P<0.05). 52.15% of isolates from colibacillosis and 19.62% of isolates from healthy chicken feces were positive for both genes, with statistical significant difference (p<0.05). This marked difference in the distribution of iss and irp2 genes makes these two genes good markers to differentiate AFEC and APEC strains especially in Sistan region to improve colibacillosis control measurements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of iss and irp2 genes by PCR method in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry with colibacillosis in comparison with healthy chicken in poultry farms of Zabol, South East of Iran

Bonjar¹,

Salari²,

Jahantigh³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…The potentially pathogenic E. coli strains can be screened by different tests, like phenotypic assays as Congo red binding (Styles & Flammer 1991), serotyping (Schremmer et al 1999), and genotypic assays (Pakpinyo et al 2002, Knöbl et al 2008, Nakazato et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virulence factors associated with APEC isolated from chickens, turkeys and ostriches include colonization factors (ϐimbrial and aϐimbrial adhesins), invasive factors, serum resistance mechanisms, iron acquisition systems, antiphagocytic activity and production of toxins (Knöbl et al 2001, Monroy et al 2005, Nakazato et al 2009). Well--recognized virulence properties include Type 1 (F1) and P ϐimbriae, IbeA proteases and aerobactin production, Iss for serum survival, K and O antigens for anti-phagocyitc activity, and a temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin of unknown function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serogroups and virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolated from psittacine birds

et al. 2011

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916Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(10):916-921, outubro 2011 RESUMO.-[Sorogrupos e genes de virulência em Escherichia coli isoladas de psitacídeos.] Amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de 24 psitacídeos doentes foram sorogrupadas e investigadas para a presença de genes que codiϐicam os seguintes fatores de virulência: attaching e effacing (eae), plasmídeo EAF (EAF), pili associado à pielonefrite (pap), ϐímbria S (sfa), adesina aϐimbrial (afa), cápsula K1 (neu), curli (crl, csgA), hemaglutinina termosensível (tsh), enterotoxina termo-estável 1 de E. coli enteroagregativa (astA), toxina termolábil (LT) e toxina termoestável (STa e STb), Shiga-like toxinas (stx1 e stx2), fator citotóxico necrotizante 1 (cnf1), hemolisina (hly), produção de aerobactina (iuc) e resistência sérica (iss). Os resultados mostraram que os isolados pertenciam a 12 sorogrupos: O7; O15; O21; O23; O54; O64; O76; O84; O88; O128; O152 e O166. Os genes de virulência encontrados foram: crl em todos os isolados, pap em 10 isolados, iss em sete isolados, csgA em cinco isolados, iuc e tsh em três isolados e eae em dois isolados. A combinação dos genes de virulência revelou 11 perϐis genotípicos distintos. Todas as amostras foram negativas para os genes que codiϐicam EAF, EAEC, K1, sfa, afa, hly, cnf, LT, STa, STb, stx1 e stx2. Estes resultados demonstraram que algumas amostras de E. coli isoladas de psitacídeos apresentam os mesmos fatores de virulência presentes nos patotipos de E. coli patogênicas para aves (APEC), uropatogênicas (UPEC) e E. coli enteropatogênicas (EPEC). Escherichia coli isolates from 24 sick psittacine birds were serogrouped and investigated for the presence of genes encoding the following virulence factors: attaching and effacing (eae), enteropathogenic E. coli EAF plasmid (EAF), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S ϐimbriae (sfa), aϐimbrial adhesin (afa), capsule K1 (neu), curli (crl, csgA), temperature--sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh), enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin-1 (astA), heat--stable enterotoxin -1 heat labile (LT) and heat stable (STa and STb) enterotoxins, Shiga-like toxins (stx1 and stx2), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1), haemolysin (hly), aerobactin production (iuc) and serum resistance (iss). The results showed that the isolates belonged to 12 serogroups: O7; O15; O21; O23; O54; O64; O76; O84; O88; O128; O152 and O166. The virulence genes found were: crl in all isolates, pap in 10 isolates, iss in seven isolates, csgA in ϐive isolates, iuc and tsh in three isolates and eae in two isolates. The combination of virulence genes revealed 11 different genotypic patterns. All strains were negative for genes encoding for EAF, EAEC, K1, sfa, afa, hly, cnf, LT, STa, STb, stx1 and stx2. Our ϐindings showed that some E. coli isolated from psittacine birds present the same virulence factors as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) pathotypes. Serogroups and virulence genes of

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“…Several investigations have reported serum resistance VGs are widespread among APEC in comparison with AFEC and have suggested that these VGs contribute to APEC pathogenicity (Delicato et al, 2003;Dozois et al, 1992;Dziva and Stevens, 2008;Lynne et al, 2007;Mellata et al, 2003;Mellata et al, 2012;Nolan et al, 2002;Ozawa et al, 2008;Rocha et al, 2008;Rodriguez-Siek et al, 2005a;Skyberg et al, 2008;Tivendale et al, 2004;Wooley et al, 1992;Yaguchi et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2004;Zhao et al, 2005). Several VGs have been linked with serum resistance mechanisms and the association of each of the serum resistance VGs with APEC pathogenicity mechanisms have also been independently studied (Nakazato et al, 2009;Rocha et al, 2008). However, limited information is known in regards to the presence of different serum resistance VG combinations and their contribution to APEC pathogenicity (Jeffrey et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2003;Sello, 2012).…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)

Cited by 53 publications

References 97 publications

Frequency of iss and irp2 genes by PCR method in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry with colibacillosis in comparison with healthy chicken in poultry farms of Zabol, South East of Iran

Frequency of iss and irp2 genes by PCR method in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry with colibacillosis in comparison with healthy chicken in poultry farms of Zabol, South East of Iran

Serogroups and virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolated from psittacine birds

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

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