Surto de aflatoxicose em suínos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Zlotowski, Priscila; Corrêa, Ana Grasielle Dionísio; Rozza, Daniela Bernadete; Driemeier, David; Mallmann, Carlos Augusto; Migliavacca, Flauri Ademir

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2004000400007

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…A aflatoxicose foi a doença mais prevalente. É de impacto econômico bastante significativo, pois apesar de um quadro agudo e fulminante ser descrito em diversas espécies (Pierezan et al 2010), a ingestão de níveis baixos de aflatoxinas leva a um quadro subclínico da doença ocorrendo marcada perda de produtividade em uma criação (Zlotowski et al 2004, Mallmann & Dilkin 2012. A intoxicação por sal, apesar de pouco prevalente, é uma condição relativamente comum em todos os tipos de criações de suínos e se deve, na maioria dos casos, por erros de manejo (Radostits et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Características e frequência das doenças de suínos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2013

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RESUMO.-Visando-se determinar as características e frequência das doenças na população suína na região de abrangência do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de todos os diagnósticos de necropsias realizadas nesta espécie no período de 1964 a 2011. Foram separados 564 casos com diagnósticos conclusivos. A criação suína na região de abrangência do estudo é predominantemente familiar e as doenças diagnosticadas, refletem esta realidade. As doenças infecciosas e parasitá-rias foram as mais prevalentes [380(68,1%) was carried out in order to determine the characteristics and frequency of diseases in the swine population raised in the region the region covered by the activities of LPV. Five hundred and four cases with conclusive diagnosis were found. The type of pig-raising in the area is mainly a familiar enterprise and the diseases found in this survey reflect this reality Infectious and parasitic diseases were the most prevalent [380(68.1%)], followed, in descending order of frequency, by nutritional and metabolic diseases [64(11.5%)], poisonings and toxi-infections and development disorders [15(2.7%)]. Other disorders due to varying etiologies, especially trauma, were cause of death in just over 11% of the cases. Bacterial diseases were responsible for more than half of the causes of death in pigs of the studied population, pointing to the influence of management, environmental and nutritional regional husbandry. The moist frequent disease diagnosed in pigs in the region in the region covered by the study was edema disease which along with other forms of infection by Escherichia coli was responsible for 23% of deaths. Viral diseases and neoplasm were not major causes of death in pigs in the region studied. Nutritional hepatosis and aflatoxicosis are important diseases in pigs in this region and and there causation are mainly linked to nutritional management.INDEX TERMS: Swine diseases, veterinary pathology, epidemiology, causes of death, retrospective study.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Características e frequência das doenças de suínos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2013

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“…O surto de AFLA indica outros sinais clínicos como: apatia, icterícia, aborto, urina amarelada com sangue e fotossensibilização em suínos 85 . Dois fatores foram apontados como agravantes dos sinais tóxicos: maior tempo de exposição destes suínos à toxina e a presença dos hormônios esteróides exacerbarem a função oxidase hepática ocasionando maior transformação da aflatoxina B1 em um metabólito mais tóxico, B1-2,3-epóxido 85 .…”

Section: Sinais De Intoxicação Por Micotoxicosesunclassified

“…Os fungos toxigênicos podem infectar os cultivos em crescimento, em consequência de danos causados por insetos e outros agentes e produzir toxinas antes da colheita, durante e após seu armazenamento 51,85 . Os suínos jovens são sensíveis aos efeitos tóxicos das micotoxinas, entretanto quando sua criação está associada ao baixo consumo de ração, com reduzida taxa de crescimento e ocorrência de diarreias 71 torna-se uma das categorias animais mais vulneráveis aos efeitos das micotoxinas na criação.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Inclusão de adsorventes de micotoxinas para leitões

Bretas

2018

Ces. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Brazil has a climate that favors the development of fungi, however it is known that these cause changes in grain quality affecting animal production and consequently swine farming. Strategies are needed such as planting preventions, as well as strategic decision-making to minimize the problems caused by mycotoxins in feed production. Mycotoxins are toxic substances resulting from the metabolism of various fungi found in the environment. In addition to impairing the immunity of pigs at different ages, they facilitate the emergence of diseases and consequently reduce the weight gain of the animals, especially the piglets causing an increase in mortality in the maternity or nursery. This bibliographic review aimed to compile information on recent inclusions of mycotoxin adsorbents efficiently used in piglet diets without compromising on meat quality and zootechnical parameters.

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“…Os casos de aflatoxicose relatados no Brasil em bovinos [11] e/ou monogástricos, em especial nas aves e nos suínos [12,17], têm sido associados ao consumo de grãos de milho. Em cães, a aflatoxicose é atribuída principalmente às rações comerciais com níveis elevados de aflatoxinas [8], apesar de que, dietas à base de derivados de milho, arroz e/ou farelo de amendoim também já foram mencionadas como causas da toxicose [5,15].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Acute Aflatoxicosis in Swines in Northeastern Brazil

Olinda

Lima

Lucena

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic mycotoxins derived from the secondary metabolism of toxigenic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, especially A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most important metabolite, because of its deleterious effect mainly to the liver, especially for its carcinogenic, mutagenic and haemorrhagic properties, and usually is detected in higher concentrations in contaminated substrates. This paper reports the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and toxicological aspects of an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in pigs raised in Northeastern Brazil.Case: The cases occurred in a complete cycle farm, in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, in pigs ingesting low quality (moldy) corn being produced and processed on the farm. Sixty (73.1%) out of 82 two to five-months old pigs were clinicaly affected and 54 (65.8%) died. All animals showed fever, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, muscle tremors, muscle weakness and diarrhea. The clinical course ranged from five to 48 hours. Adult pigs were not affected. At necropsies, generalized jaundice, ascites, hydropericardium, petechial hemorrhages in the mesentery, subcutaneous edema and mesocolon were observed. The liver was yellow-orange with reddish diffuse multifocal areas, enlarged and extremely friable. Histologically there was swelling of hepatocytes with severe diffuse hepatocellular fatty degeneration, centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, proliferation of bile ducts and cholestasis. High concentrations of aflatoxin B1 were determined in the corn (3400 μg/kg) and ration (1460 μg/kg).Discussion: The diagnosis of aflatoxicosis was based on epidemiological investigation associated with clinical and pathological findings and confirmed by high levels of aflatoxin B1 found in samples of corn and feed. Of the numerous types of aflatoxin reported, the most common is the B1, which is typically produced by Aspergillus fungi. In intensive pig farms, management conditions increase the chances of occurrence of intoxications caused by the poor quality of the grain (especially maize) by the poor quality of the grain (especially maize) used in the diet formulation. In the present report the corn was severely degraded and kept in physical conditions that favor the proliferation of aflatoxins. In addition, young animals, which are more suseptible, were the only ones affected with 73% morbidity and 65.8% mortality. In cases of spontaneous aflatoxicosis morbidity in pigs can vary from 10 to 100% and mortality is high when the diet has a high concentration of aflatoxins as observed in this outbreak (3400 and 1460 μg/kg of B1 in corn and food, respectively) . Increases in sérum ALT levels indicate hyperacute, acute or chronic active hepatocellular damage; a toxic hepatitis in this case. Furthermore, the increased serum AST suggest the existence of extensive and progressive hepatocellular damage, because this enzyme is synthesized mitochondrial level. Legislation in Brazil, determines that the maximum tolerated aflatoxin concentrations are 50 parts per million (ppm) or 50 μg/kg in food included in the diet formulation for animal consumption and 20 ppb in corn grain for human consumption. Differential diagnosis of aflatoxicosis include leptospirosis and intoxication by Crotalaria retusa or other pyrrolizidine alkaloids-containing plants.Keywords: aflatoxicosis, mycotoxins, toxic hepatitis, swine.

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Surto de aflatoxicose em suínos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Características e frequência das doenças de suínos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul

Características e frequência das doenças de suínos na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul

Inclusão de adsorventes de micotoxinas para leitões

Acute Aflatoxicosis in Swines in Northeastern Brazil

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