Adherence and experimental infection of bacteria associated with periodontal infections of young cattle in Brazil ("Cara inchada")

Grassmann, Barbara; Döbereiner, Jürgen; Dutra, Iveraldo S.; Kopp, Peter; Blobel, H.

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x1997000300006

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the in vivo exposure (Grassmann et al 1997) of about l month-old calves to streptomycin, actinomycin and the antibiotic supernatants, together with B.melaninogenicus and A. pyogenes, for an observation period of 20 days, failed to lead to any progressive lesions in the periodontium. This could be explained by the relatively short time of exposure, low frequency of applications and possibly unsuitable antibiotic concentrations compared to natural conditions.…”

Section: Streptomycin and Actinomycin Increase The Adherence On Oral mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…CI-periodontitis could not be reproduced in confined young calves at the Institute in Rio de Janeiro (Grassmann et al 1997). The natural conditions of ingestion of the antibiotics in subinibitory concentrations are most difficult if not impossible to imitate.…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In subsequent in vitro-assays, Grassmann et al (1997) showed that besides streptomycin, actinomycin and antibiotic culture supernatants of soil actinomycetes significantly increased the adherence of the B.melaninogenicus group to the oral epithelial cells of calves. Again, there appeared to be a correlation between the antibiotic activities in the soil and the development of CI-periodontitis.…”

Section: Streptomycin and Actinomycin Increase The Adherence On Oral mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The question that arises is what allows the bacteria which can be isolated in small numbers from the marginal gingiva of healthy cattle raised on CI-free farms (Blobel et al 1984, Grassmann et al 1997, to become pathogenic and cause the progressive periodontitis? Schmitt et al (1996) investigated a possible relationship between the cellular immunity of cattle and CI.…”

Section: Cara Inchada and Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Cara inchada" of cattle, an infectious, apparently soil antibiotics-dependant periodontitis in Brazil

et al. 2000

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The objective of this review on the investigation of "cara inchada" in cattle (CI), pursued over the last 30 years, was to elucidate the pathogenicity of the disease and come to proper conclusions on its etiology. CI has been widely considered to be of nutritional origin, caused primarily by mineral deficiency or imbalance. However, the disease consists of a rapidly progressive periodontitis, affecting the periodontal tissues at the level of the premolars and molars during the period of tooth eruption generally starting in young calves. The disease led to great economic losses for farmers in central-western Brazil, after the occupation of new land for cattle raising in the 1960s and 1970s. The lateral enlargement of the maxillary bones of affected calves gave the disease the popular name of "cara inchada", i.e., swollen or enlarged face. The enlargement was found to be due to a chronic ossifying periostitis resulting from the purulent alveolitis of CI. Black-pigmented non-saccharolytic Bacteroides melaninogenicus, always together with Actinomyces (Corynebacterium) pyogenes, were isolated in large numbers from the periodontal lesions. B. melaninogenicus could be isolated in small numbers also from the marginal gingiva of a few healthy calves maintained on CI-free farms. "In vitro"-assays showed that streptomycin and actinomycin, as well as the supernatants of cultivates of actinomycetes from soils of CI-prone farms, applied in subinhibitory concentrations to the bacteria tested, enhanced significantly (up to 10 times) the adherence of the black-pigmented B.melaninogenicus to epithelial cells of the bovine gingiva. The antibiotics are apparently produced in large quantities by the increased number of soil actinomycetes, including the genus Streptomyces, that develop when soil microflora are modified by cultivating virgin forest or "Cerrado" (tree-savanna) for the first time for cattle grazing. The epidemiology of CI now provides strong evidence that the ingestion with the forage of such antibiotics could possibly be an important determinant factor for the onset and development of this infectious periodontitis. The antibiotic enhanced adherence of B.melaninogenicus to the sulcus-epithelium of the marginal gingiva, is thought to allow it to colonize, form a plaque and become pathogenic. There is experimental evidence that this determinant factor for the development of the periodontitis is present also in the milk of the mothers of CI-diseased calves. It has been shown that the bacteria isolated from the periodontal CI-lesions produce enzymes and endotoxins capable of destroying the periodontal tissues. The epidemiology of CI, with its decline in incidence and its disappearance after several years, could be explained by the fact that the former equilibrium of the microflora of the once undisturbed virgin soil has been reached again and that the number of antibiotic producing actinomycetes has been anew reduced. By this reasoning and all the data available, CI should be considered as a multifactorial infectious disease, caused primarily by the anaerobic black-pigmented non-saccharolytic Bacteroides melaninogenicus, always together with the micro-anaerobic Actinomyces pyogenes. Accordingly, the onset and development of the infectious periodontitis is apparently determined by ingestion with the forage of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics produced in recently cultivated virgin soils. This hypothesis is supported by the recent observation of renewed outbreaks of CI-periodontitis in former CI-prone areas, following fresh cultivation after many years. The infectious nature of CI is confirmed by trials in which virginiamycin was used efficiently for the oral treatment of CI-diseased cattle. Previously it has been shown, that spiramycin and virginiamycin, used as additives in mineral supplements, prevented CI-periodontitis.

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Section: Streptomycin and Actinomycin Increase The Adherence On Oral mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Streptomycin and Actinomycin Increase The Adherence On Oral mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cara Inchada and Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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"Cara inchada" of cattle, an infectious, apparently soil antibiotics-dependant periodontitis in Brazil

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“…Este aumento de aderência ao epitélio do espaço subgengival permite a colonização das bactérias, tornando-as patogênicas pela produção de enzimas e endotoxinas com grande potencial de destruição dos tecidos peridentários (Dutra et al 1986). Foi verificada ainda a produção de actinomicina nesses solos, que é um antibiótico com o mesmo efeito de aumento da aderência das bactérias ao epitélio gengival (Grassmann et al 1997). Page & Schroeder (1982), no seu livro "Periodontitis in Man and Other Animals", salientam que sem colonização de bacsem colonização de bacsem colonização de bacsem colonização de bacsem colonização de bactérias na gengiva marginal, as lesões peridentárias não térias na gengiva marginal, as lesões peridentárias não térias na gengiva marginal, as lesões peridentárias não térias na gengiva marginal, as lesões peridentárias não térias na gengiva marginal, as lesões peridentárias não podem se desenvolver podem se desenvolver podem se desenvolver podem se desenvolver podem se desenvolver.…”

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A etiologia da "cara inchada", uma periodontite epizoótica dos bovinos

Döbereiner

Dutra

Rosa³

2004

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Uma versão condensada em português de um artigo de revisão sobre a periodontite da "cara inchada" dos bovinos, publicado em inglês, está apresentada com algumas informações adicionais. A doença foi responsável por grandes perdas de bovinos jovens, principalmente nas décadas de 1970 e l980 no Brazil Central. Em face da periodontite progressiva e a perdas de dentes, os animais não podem se alimentar convenientemente, tornam-se emaciados e podem morrer. A doença foi tida como uma deficiência ou desequilíbrio mineral. Mas as pesquisas de campo e de laboratório, realizadas durante 30 anos, mostraram que trata-se de doença infecciosa multifatorial a ser definida como Periodontite Epizoótica Bovina. Chegou-se à conclusão que os fatores principais para o seu desenvolvimento são: (1) a idade dos bovinos na fase de erupção dos dentes premolares e molares; (2) a presença de bactérias do grupo Bacteroides spp nos espaços subgengivais; e (3) a ingestão com a forragem de concentrações subinibitórias de antibióticos, sobretudo de estreptomicina, produzidos por actinomicetos cujo número é aumentado em solos virgens recém-cultivados na formação de pastagens após a derrubada da mata ou da vegetação de Cerrado; isto leva a um aumento da aderência dos bacteróides ao epitélio gengival e à destruição dos tecidos peridentários. Hoje em dia, a doença perdeu a sua importância e praticamente desapareceu, porque a microbiota do solo entrou novamente em equilíbrio e a abertura de grandes áreas virgens para a pecuária cessou. Porém, novos surtos podem ocorrer em áreas anteriormente positivas para a doença quando, na reforma de pastagens ou capineiras, houver um novo desequilíbrio da microbiota do solo. Outros antibióticos, como a espiramicina e virginiamicina, administrados por via oral ou adicionado a misturas minerais, podem controlar a periodontite.

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Jürgen Döbereiner: a life dedicated to science

et al. 2019

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Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner was born in Germany, on the 1st of November 1923, and lived in Brazil for 68 years during which time he developed a range of scientific projects in veterinary pathology and related disciplines. His main interests were the identification of new poisonous plants and mineral deficiencies and the causes of “cara inchada” (“swollen face” a periodontal disease) and botulism in livestock. This research has resulted in the improved health and saving of hundreds of thousands of animals, mainly cattle, annually, and is consequently of enormous economic value to the country. This contribution remains largely under appreciated. He was also involved in organizing diagnostic methods for identifying infectious diseases such as African swine fever and glanders in horses. One of his other major achievements has been the foundation and editing of specialized scientific journals for the documentation of veterinary science research results. At the beginning of his career in the 1950s, he and colleagues from the Institute for Animal Biology (IBA) were struggling to find a national scientific journal where research results from veterinary medicine could be published with practical application to the Brazilian reality. In consequence, the team founded “Arquivos do Instituto de Biologia Animal” and published three volumes (1959-1961). He then founded and edited “Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira” (The Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Research”) that included a veterinary section. A series of veterinary volumes were published (1966-1976). Finally, in 1978 he helped create the Brazilian College of Veterinary Pathology (CBPA) that published “Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira” (The Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research) from 1981. The main goal was to communicate the most relevant disease problems of Brazilian livestock, in particular pathology and related subjects such as epidemiology, clinical study series and laboratory diagnosis to field veterinarians and academics. Dr. Jürgen Döbereiner was president of CBPA (1978-2018) and chief editor of “Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira” (1981-2018). He passed away on the 16th of October, 2018, at the age of 94 at his home in Seropédica/RJ, Brazil.

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Adherence and experimental infection of bacteria associated with periodontal infections of young cattle in Brazil ("Cara inchada")

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

"Cara inchada" of cattle, an infectious, apparently soil antibiotics-dependant periodontitis in Brazil

"Cara inchada" of cattle, an infectious, apparently soil antibiotics-dependant periodontitis in Brazil

A etiologia da "cara inchada", uma periodontite epizoótica dos bovinos

Jürgen Döbereiner: a life dedicated to science

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