Cádmio no leite materno: concentração e relação com o estilo de vida da puérpera

Abstract

Postpartum food intake influences the level of cadmium in colostrum, especially vegetables such as cereals.

Breast milk contamination with lead and cadmium and its related factors in Kerman, Iran

“…Maternal age showed a non-significant but positive correlation with cadmium in Brazil [2], but did not show a relation with breast milk Pb or Cd levels in Turkey [14]. No statistically significant correlation was seen between Pb levels in maternal milk specimens versus the age of the mother, in Nigeria [29] either.…”

“…In Turkey, mothers who actively and/or passively smoked during pregnancy had higher Cd levels in their breast milk, but smoking at 2 months postpartum had no significant relation with breast milk Cd levels [14]. Meanwhile, smoking was not significantly associated with cadmium in other studies [2].…”

“…In Brazil parity showed a non-significant positive correlation with cadmium [2]. In Norouzi et al’s study from Iran, the highest mean lead contamination level was seen in mothers with one child which was 70.64 ± 24.62 μg/L [15] and in another study from Tehran, Iran; the mean value of lead in human milk (2 months post-partum) was 23.66 ± 22.43 μg/l; but there was no significant relation between levels of human milk lead and mother’s education, age, parity, height or weight [28].…”

“…This might have prevented some of the variables from becoming significant. However, there were several studies with even less participants in the literature [2, 13, 15, 25–27, 29] and it was difficult to find more interested mothers in Kerman to donate samples. Another limitation was that we were not able to follow-up these children and evaluate the future effects of lead and cadmium contamination on them.…”

“…However, recent studies have raised the concern that human breast milk might be contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Lead and/or cadmium have been recently measured in breast milk or colostrum of lactating mothers in many countries including Saudia Arabia [1], Brazil [2], Austria [3], Bangladesh [4] and Japan [5, 6].…”