Efeitos do consumo de bebida alcoólica sobre o feto

Abstract

Objetivo: verificar o consumo de bebida alcoólica durante a gravidez e avaliar os efeitos teratógenos do álcool no feto. Método: no período de abril a novembro de 2004, foram entrevistadas por meio do questionário T-ACE, 150 puérperas de uma maternidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP e dividas em consumidoras e não-consumidoras de álcool durante a gestação. Os recém-nascidos (RNs) destas mulheres foram avaliados em relação a peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico ao nascimento. Estes parâmetros antropométricos foram comparados com o consumo de bebida alcoólica pelas mulheres. A análise dos dados foi realizada usando os testes t de Student, teste de Mann-Whitney U e teste do χ 2 , sendo adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: das puérperas entrevistadas, 79,3% (119) não foram identificadas como consumidoras de álcool pelo questionário T-ACE, ao passo que 20,7% (31) foram consideradas consumidoras pelo mesmo instrumento. A média de comprimento dos RNs cujas mães não consumiram álcool foi de 48,2 cm, ao passo que naqueles cujas mães ingeriram bebida alcoólica foi de 46,7 cm e esta diferença foi significante. Também se observou redução média de 109 g no peso e de 0,42 cm no perímetro cefálico nos filhos de mães consumidoras de álcool, sendo que nos fetos do sexo feminino a redução de peso foi mais acentuada (186 g). Conclusão: o questionário T-ACE mostrou-se instrumento sensível para rastreamento do consumo alcoólico durante a gravidez. O uso de álcool na gravidez esteve associado à restrição do crescimento fetal, sendo os fetos do sexo feminino aparentemente mais suscetíveis aos efeitos do álcool.

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy

“…Moreover, in the female fetuses, the weight reduction was more significant (186g), suggesting a possible greater susceptibility related to the sex of the newborn. 15 In our study, we also observed a greater reduction in the weight of newborn female children of positive T-ACE mothers (average decrease of 151g) compared to newborn males whose weight reduction averaged 99g. Future research on the fetal effects of alcohol considering the gender of the conceptus may contribute to a better understanding of this specific aspect of teratogenesis.…”

“…10,[15][16][17][18][19]23 The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends that during prenatal sessions a good bond between the mother and team of primary health care professionals is established. This helps to identify women with a propensity for alcohol abuse and guide them on the consequences of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.…”

“…These results corroborate findings from previous research. 10,15 Restriction of fetal growth is a known effect of Table 2 Reproductive information of women and alcohol use during pregnancy in negative T-ACE and positive T-ACE groups. reducing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and collaborating to restrict its growth.…”

“…11,13 In Brazil, studies carried out using different methodologies estimate the frequency of alcohol consumption around to be approximately 10 to 40% of pregnant women. [14][15][16][17][18][19] T-ACE (Tolerance, Annoyed, Cut Down, and Eye-opener) was the first validated alcohol consumption screening questionnaire for use in obstetrical and gynecological practices, 20 and is routinely used in various services proving to be efficient in detecting pregnant women who consume alcohol. 1,21,22 A Brazilian Portuguese version of T-ACE, translated and adapted from the original questionnaire of Sokol et al, 20 was validated by Fabbri et al 22 in 2001. .…”

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

“…It is well known that all children are not affected with a similar pattern and severity, as fetal susceptibility to alcohol is influenced by the amount of alcohol intake, timing of exposure, nutritional status, and maternal and fetal metabolism capacity 16 . however, the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced disorders in development of central nervous system seems to be primarily related to the neuronal proliferation, migration, and organizational events, including impairments in the neurotransmitter systems and their receptors, synthesis, and catabolism 4,17 .…”