Potencial invasor de duas cultivares de Melinis minutiflora no cerrado brasileiro - características de sementes e estabelecimento de plântulas

Martins, Carlos Romero; Hay, John Du Vall; Carmona, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/s0100-67622009000400014

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It blooms at the beginning of the dry season, in mid-May, producing large amount of seeds with a germination rate of approximately 90% (Alcântara & Bufarah 1951;Martins 2006;). Studies within different ecosystems around the world indicate that molasses grass can form dense cover in invaded areas, changing nutrient cycles, light availability and soil microclimate (Barger et al 2003), thus slowly replacing native species of the herbaceous stratum (Martins et al 2004;Martins et al 2009). Because of its higher biomass accumulation rates, compared to those of the native herbaceous stratum (Berardi 1994;Silva & Haridasan 2007), and its abundant oil secretions (Prates et al 1993), this grass can also change fire regimes in invaded areas, promoting its further expansion in a feedback mechanism known as the "grass-fire cycle" (Hughes et al 1991;D' Antonio & Vitousek 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of invasion by molasses grass (Melinis minutifloraP. Beauv.) on native species and on fires in areas of campo-cerrado in Brazil

et al. 2014

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In the Cerrado Biome of Brazil, African grasses constitute a serious problem, occurring in virtually all protected areas. Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.) accumulates more biomass than do most other species of the herbaceous stratum vegetation native to the Cerrado. In this study, our aim was to determine the impact of M. minutiflora on native vegetation, as well as (using simulations of fire traits) on the characteristics of fires, in invaded areas of the Serra do Rola-Moça State Park (Parque Estadual da Serra do Rola-Moça, PESRM), a protected area where fires are frequent, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Our main results are that M. minutiflora considerably increases the amount of biomass, becoming the main combustible plant in the campo-cerrado (grassy-woody savanna) fires in the PESRM; that the native monocot biomass is inversely correlated with the M. minutiflora biomass, suggesting suppression of the native herbaceous stratum; that eudicots are diminished by M. minutiflora, both in number of individuals and number of species; and that fires are more severe in M. minutiflora-invaded areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of invasion by molasses grass (Melinis minutifloraP. Beauv.) on native species and on fires in areas of campo-cerrado in Brazil

et al. 2014

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“…Mesmo após 8 anos de armazenamento em condições ambientais predominantes em Brasília-DF, cerca de 40% das sementes de capim-gordura ainda mantinham capacidade de germinação no presente trabalho (Figuras 1 a 4). Rocha et al (1996) observaram um pequeno potencial germinativo nas sementes dessa espécie após cinco anos de armazenamento em temperatura ambiente. 75 ARMAZENAMENTO E DORMÊNCIA DE SEMENTES DE CAPIM-GORDURA As condições de temperaturas alternadas com luz e nitrato de potássio foram eficientes na estimativa da viabilidade das sementes de capim-gordura ao longo do período estudado (Figuras 1 e 2).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Dormência e armazenabilidade de sementes de capim-gordura

Carmona

Martins

2010

Rev. bras. sementes

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RESUMO -A gramínea africana Melinis minutiflora (capim-gordura), que foi a base da pecuária no Centro-Oeste brasileiro durante aproximadamente dois séculos, é atualmente considerada uma importante planta invasora nessa região. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar dois aspectos relacionados às sementes que podem influenciar o potencial disseminador dessa espécie -a dormência e a armazenabilidade. As sementes das cultivares Roxo e Cabelo-de-Negro foram armazenadas em ambiente de laboratório em Brasília-DF, sendo sua germinação testada periodicamente tanto nas temperaturas alternadas de 20-30 ºC (16/8 horas), com luz fluorescente branca durante a temperatura mais elevada, empapel filtro umedecido com nitrato de potássio a 0,5%, como na temperatura de 25 ºC no escuro e em água. As sementes recém-colhidas de ambas cultivares apresentaram viabilidade de aproximadamente 100% e alta dormência primária. A viabilidade das sementes armazenadas em laboratório manteve-se elevada (igual ou superior a 90%) pelo período de três anos, sendo que mesmo após oito anos de armazenamento nessas condições algumas sementes ainda preservaram a capacidade germinativa. Nas condições de temperaturas alternadas, o tempo médio de germinação das sementes é de 4,3 e de 4,4 dias para as cultivares Roxo e Cabelo-de-Negro. Foi necessário o período de 3,8 anos para a superação completa da dormência das sementes em armazenamento. A elevada viabilidade associada à dormência, longevidade e rápida germinação observadas no presente trabalho ajudam a explicar o sucesso dessa espécie em colonizar novas áreas.Termos para indexação: biologia, ecologia, colonização, viabilidade de sementes. DORMANCY AND STORAGE POTENTIAL OF MELINIS MINUTIFLORA SEEDSABSTRACT -The African grass species, Melinis minutiflora, which was an important forage species in the Brazilian Cerrado region for around two centuries, is nowadays considered an important weed in this region. The present study aimed to evaluate seed dormancy and viability during storage, aspects that could affect species dissemination. Seeds of the cultivars Roxo and Cabelo-de-Negro stored under laboratory conditions in Brasília-DF, Brazil, were tested periodically, both at alternating temperatures of 20-30 ºC (16/8 hours), with white fluorescent light during the highest temperature, plus potassium nitrate at 0.5%, and at 25 ºC in darkness and in water. Recently-harvested seeds of both cultivars showed approximately 100% viability and a high primary dormancy level. Seed viability remained high for around three years (at least 90%), and even after eight years of storage under these conditions some seeds remained viable.

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“…Many of the high-impact species produce large numbers of seeds (Smith et al 1999;Keir and Vogler 2006;Martins et al 2009). In contrast, the widespread native kangaroo grass, which is often displaced by alien grasses, produces relatively few seeds and is a poor invader and disperser (Everson et al 2009).…”

Section: Colonisation and Propagule Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their value for crops, pasture, horticultural amenity and land rehabilitation, grasses have been deliberately redistributed globally since at least the mid-19th century (Russell 2001;Lazarides 2002;Cook and Dias 2006;Martins et al 2009). Many successful introductions have subsequently led to alien grasses becoming dominant in diverse and often non-target ecosystems, causing profound ecosystem impacts and important conservation challenges (Mack 1989;D'Antonio and Vitousek 1992;Knapp 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unassisted invasions: understanding and responding to Australia’s high-impact environmental grass weeds

Klinken

Friedel

2017

Aust. J. Bot.

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Abstract. Alien grass species have been intentionally introduced into Australia since European settlement over 200 years ago, with many subsequently becoming weeds of natural environments. We have identified the subset of these weeds that have invaded and become dominant in environmentally important areas in the absence of modern anthropogenic disturbance, calling them 'high-impact species'. We also examined why these high-impact species were successful, and what that might mean for management. Seventeen high-impact species were identified through literature review and expert advice; all had arrived by 1945, and all except one were imported intentionally, 16 of the 17 were perennial and four of the 17 were aquatic. They had become dominant in diverse habitats and climates, although some environments still remain largely uninvaded despite apparently ample opportunities. Why these species succeeded remains largely untested, but evidence suggests a combination of ecological novelty (both intended at time of introduction and unanticipated), propagule pressure (through high reproductive rate and dominance in nearby anthropogenically-disturbed habitats) and an ability to respond to, and even alter, natural disturbance regimes (especially fire and inundation). Serious knowledge gaps remain for these species, but indications are that resources could be better focused on understanding and managing this limited group of high-impact species. They require new management approaches, especially to counteract the advantages of ecological novelty, reduce propagule pressure and better direct the large-scale disturbance regimes that continue to shape plant communities across Australia.

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Potencial invasor de duas cultivares de Melinis minutiflora no cerrado brasileiro - características de sementes e estabelecimento de plântulas

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of invasion by molasses grass (Melinis minutifloraP. Beauv.) on native species and on fires in areas of campo-cerrado in Brazil

Impact of invasion by molasses grass (Melinis minutifloraP. Beauv.) on native species and on fires in areas of campo-cerrado in Brazil

Dormência e armazenabilidade de sementes de capim-gordura

Unassisted invasions: understanding and responding to Australia’s high-impact environmental grass weeds

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