The harm principle and the greatest happiness principle: the missing link

Nahra, Cinara

doi:10.1590/s0100-512x2014000100006

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Kantian deontology greatly emphasizes moral duty over the consequences of actions, which in the context of immunization, can be interpreted as a moral duty of every individual to ensure their own immunization and that of those closest to them (Le Blanc, 2009). According to a utilitarian ontology, the consequences of non-immunization are an increased risk of an outbreak and a heavy dependence on those who are vaccinated to provide protection (Nahra, 2014). This does not serve the greater good of the community but only the perceived good of the individual and according to Kantian consequentialism, this is morally bad (Nahra, 2014).…”

Section: Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a utilitarian ontology, the consequences of non-immunization are an increased risk of an outbreak and a heavy dependence on those who are vaccinated to provide protection (Nahra, 2014). This does not serve the greater good of the community but only the perceived good of the individual and according to Kantian consequentialism, this is morally bad (Nahra, 2014). The opposite is true for those individuals who ascribe to vaccination because they acknowledge the personal benefit of immunization as well as the greater effect it has on the community in provide herd immunity (Le Blanc, 2009).…”

Section: Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilitarianism is the most commonly practiced and the most elementary form of consequentialism due to its binary approach to moral problems. Utilitarianism not only claims that the only desirable and valued consequence of any action is happiness but also that the only undesirable or disvalued consequence of an action is pain (Nahra, 2014). Deontological ethics is seen as the antithesis to consequential ethics in that deontology concerns itself with the nature of an action and not simply the outcome (Korsgaard, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Moral Reciprocity, Ethics of Appropriation of Indigenous Medicinal Plant Knowledge and Associated Biopiracy

Ambang

Alloggio

Tandlich

2019

Acta Educationis Generalis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Although this paper deals mostly with the positive effects of a posthumanist worldview on environmental sustainability, partnership, or moral accountability in science and scientific research, it also promotes a new understanding of our educational practice in higher education. The ideas espoused have the ability to inspire educators at all levels to show students, future researchers or other professions about the importance of a progressive, holistic approach to our environment. We claim that being sensitive and caring for our environment is not only part of our moral and ethical responsibility, it is an inseparable aspect of our environmental education, our environmental intelligence. This paper discusses posthumanist 1 reciprocity ethics in the context of traditional knowledge (TK) and the protection of indigenous traditional knowledge from commercial exploitation. Methods: Instances of unethical bioprospecting and biopiracy were common throughout the turn of the 21st century and are discussed using cases in countries such as Cameroon, India, South Africa and Australia, where medicinal plant species were, are still a highly sought-after source of potent, pharmacologically active phytochemicals. Results and discussion: The observed increase in regulations against bioprospecting on indigenous land in these countries as a result of intellectual property monopoly by big pharmaceutical companies is discussed in this paper along the lines of a 'humanist vs posthumanist' ontology. Patent exclusivity laws have historically marginalized the proprietary owners of indigenous traditional knowledge, creating a moral

show abstract

Section: Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation