Assessment of hydrochemical quality of ground water under some urban areas within sana'a secreteriat

Abstract

Groundwater from nine wells of three different districts, located at Sana'a secretariat was analyzed for hydrochemical quality assessment. Measurements of water quality parameters including pH, EC, CO 3 2-, HCO 3-,Cl-,NO 3-,SO 4 2-,Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 3+ , K + , and Na + were carried out. Classification of the groundwater samples according to Cl, SO 4 2-, CO 3 2and HCO 3-, hardness (H), total dissolved solids (TDS), base-exchange, and meteoric genesis was demonstrated. Suitability of ground water samples for irrigation and industrial uses according to sodium adsorption ration (SAR), ratio of dissolved sodium (RDS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and saturation index (SI) was also investigated. The results of this study showed that almost all ground water samples were of good quality that makes them suitable for drinking and domestic uses. Results also indicated that even though some of the ground water samples were suitable for irrigation purposes, almost all of them were found not be good for industrial uses. Despite all drawbacks of the sewerage system built around Sana'a secretariat at the beginning of the first decade of the third millennium, the results of this study indicate that there is scope of significant improvement in Sana'a secretariat ground water quality. intoDuCtion Groundwater is an important source of water supply in many parts of the world. In Yemen, groundwater is considered as the main water source for drinking, domestic uses and irrigation purposes. Sana'a secretariat is one of the 22 governorates that comprise the Republic of Yemen. According to the current Yemeni local administrative dividing system, there are 12 districts in Sana'a secretariat, most of which are classified to be urban. Though there are tremendous increases in areal expansion and population growth in Sana'a secretariat, groundwater wells, with no other considerable alternatives are still being used as a source of water supply for drinking and other purposes. Quality of groundwater depends, to some extents, on its chemical composition. Cations and anions play important roles as indicators of groundwater contamination (Chgue'

Quality Assessment of Ground Water in Dhamar City, Yemen

“…The greater part of the soluble constituents in groundwater comes from soluble minerals in soils and sedimentary rocks and play important roles as indicators of groundwater contamination (Ariqi and Ghaleb, 2010;Sundaram et al, 2009). Unfortunately, assessment of groundwater quality in Yemen has received insufficient attention and only a few studies have been conducted and fewer results have been publicized, e.g., Sana'a (Alhababy, 2016;Ariqi et al, 2010), Almukkala (Daraigan et al, 2011), Ibb , and Shabwa (Alamry, 2008). Generally, ground and surface water pollution has been attributed to the direct discharge of domestic wastes, industrial effluents, and poor management of farm wastes (Environmental Protection Agency), 2001).…”

Characteristic Evaluation of Graphene Oxide for Bisphenol A Adsorption in Aqueous Solution

“…The effect of pH differs depending on the type of adsorbents and the dissociation constants (P Ka ) of the adsorbate. In water treatment systems, the pH of influent water varies according to the sources of water and amounts to 4.8–9.5 in surface water, 6.7–9.5 in ground water, 7.9–8.3 in seawater, 7.2–7.4 in domestic wastewater, and 5.0–8.3 in leachate water [6,22,23,24,25,26,27]. According to this wide range of pH, the understanding of the effect of pH on adsorption characteristics is required.…”

The Blocking Effect of Clay in Groundwater Systems: A Case Study in an Inland Plain Area

“…There is a large body of literature dedicated to the water chemistry mechanisms associated with saline water leakage. Various methods have been used to examine the system in more detail, including factor analysis [ 22 ], the ion ratio method [ 23 ], isotope tests [ 24 ], trace element tests [ 25 ], and so on. Factor analysis is the principal approach used for the comprehensive evaluation of multi-factor systems.…”