Synthesis of indium tin oxide nanoparticles by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel method

Abstract

Recebido em 31/3/11; aceito em 20/9/11; publicado na web em 6/12/11 Indium tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in two different sizes by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel method. These powders were then transformed into ITO via an intermediate metastable state at between 300 and 600 ºC. The presence of characteristic O-In-O and O-Sn-O bands at 480 and 670 cm -1 confirmed the formation of ITO. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the preferential formation of metastable hexagonal phase ITO (corundum type) as opposed to cubic phase ITO when the reflux time was less than 3 h and the heat treatment temperature was below 600 ºC. Particle morphology and crystal size were examined by scanning electron microscopy.

Semihydrogenation of Acetylene on Indium Oxide: Proposed Single‐Ensemble Catalysis

“…These steps have been experimentally verified by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) under exposure to H 2 . This analysis clearly revealed the appearance of features indicative of OH bending at 1580, 1430, and 1370 cm −1 , evidencing the formation of hydroxy species upon hydrogen activation (Figures b and S6 a) ,. Upon reaching the onset temperature of surface reduction (Figure a), broad bands assigned to H 2 O appear at 1680 and 1210 cm −1 .…”

The Power of Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Chemistry: A Review

“…Therefore, these methods are somewhere between HSG and NHSG approach similar to the application of carboxylic acids in NHSG. However this method proved to be successful in the synthesis of amorphous mixed metal oxides [132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143]. Alcohols (and silanols) can also react with Si-H groups providing hybrid porous materials or building blocks based on Si-O-Si and Si-O-C bonds (condensation catalyzed by Et 2 NOH) [117,144,145].…”

ITO Obtained by Spray Pyrolysis and Coating on Glass Substrate

“…Larger particles tended to break due to formation of pores during spray pyrolysis. The IR spectrum of the ITO suspension in the TEOS solution used to obtain the ITO thin films by dip coating displayed bands at 962, 1048 and 1114, 1402, 2900, 2967, and 3343 cm -1 , typical of Si-OH stretching (due to TEOS in the suspension), 6,24,25 Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching (due to TEOS in the suspension), Sn-OH, In-OH, 21,26 C-H, and O-H (due to water in the suspension), 6,[24][25][26] respectively. Figure 3 illustrates the IR spectrum of ITO powder and ITO in solution.…”

“…27 The infrared spectrum of ITO in solution displayed bands at 797 and 880 cm -1 and at 965, 1049, and 1085 cm -1 , ascribed to silanol groups (Si-OH) and Si-O-Si stretching, respectively. 29 …”