Determination of nitrate in lettuce by ion chromatography after microwave water extraction

Novaes, Humberto Brevilato; Vaitsman, Delmo Santiago; Dutra, Paulo Bechara; Pérez, Daniel Vidal

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422009000600049

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a hydroponic system, it is especially important to control the amount of nutrients in order to allow or deny plants the accumulation of beneficial nutrients or undesirables, such as nitrate. For instance, Novaes et al [24] reported that lettuces cultivated via a hydroponic system (71.5 g/kg dry weight (DW)) presented significantly higher nitrate concentrations than those conventionally cultivated in soil (29.8 g/kg DW).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EC Sensitivity of Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Types in Terms of Nitrate Accumulation

et al. 2021

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The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) levels of the nutrient solution on the fresh weight, chlorophyll, and nitrate content of hydroponic-system-grown lettuce. The selected cultivars are the most representative commercial varieties grown for European markets. Seven cultivars (‘Sintia,’ ‘Limeira,’ ‘Corentine,’ ‘Cencibel,’ ‘Kiber,’ ‘Attiraï,’ and ‘Rouxaï’) of three Lactuca sativa L. types’ (butterhead, loose leaf, and oak leaf) were grown in a phytotron in rockwool, meanwhile the EC level of the nutrient solutions were different: normal (<1.3 dS/m) and high (10 dS/m). The plants in the saline condition had a lower yield but elevated chlorophyll content and nitrate level, although the ‘Limeira’ and ‘Cencibel’ cultivars had reduced nitrate levels. The results and the special characteristic of the lollo-type cultivars showed that the nitrate level could be very different due to salinity (‘Limeira’ had the lowest (684 µg/g fresh weight (FW)) and ‘Cencibel’ had the highest (4396 µg/g FW)). There was a moderately strong negative correlation (−0.542) in the reverse ratio among the chlorophyll and nitrate contents in plants treated with a normal EC value, while this relationship was not shown in the saline condition. Under the saline condition, cultivars acted differently, and all examined cultivars stayed under the permitted total nitrate level (5000 µg/g FW).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EC Sensitivity of Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Types in Terms of Nitrate Accumulation

et al. 2021

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“…Plants were harvested after 21 days and dried under an air oven at 65 °C, ground to powder using a ball mill, sieved through a 1 mm sieve, and stored in zip lock bags. Subsequently, nitrate assimilated by the plant was determined by the hot water method reported previously , using IC. The soil pH and the nitrate in the soil were also examined after 21 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Nitrate Release from Zn/Al-, Mg/Al-, and Mg–Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxides and Composite Beads: Utilization as Slow-Release Fertilizers

2023

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Nitrate-loaded Zn/Al, Mg/Al, and Mg−Zn/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The slow-release properties of LDHs were measured in powder form at various pH conditions. Sodium alginate was used to encapsulate Mg/Al LDH to produce composite beads (LB) to further slow down the release of nitrate ions. The prepared LDH samples and LB were characterized by X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of LDHs and LB were obtained from scanning electron microscopy analysis. The slowrelease properties of the materials were evaluated using a kinetic study of nitrate release in tap water, soil solution, as well as plant growth experiments using coriander (Coriandrum sativum). The nitrate release ability of LDHs and LB was compared with a soluble nitrate source. The plant growth experiments showed that all three LDHs were able to supply an adequate amount of nitrate to the plant similar to the soluble fertilizer while maintaining the availability of nitrate over extended periods. The ability of LDHs to increase soil pH was also demonstrated.

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“…Many extraction methods and techniques have also been reported for nitrate analysis in plants and vegetables. Various extraction solutions were used, such as cold or hot distilled water [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], solvents as alkaline solutions [17], or methanol [18]. Furthermore, numerous extraction methods including maceration, shaking, immersion heating, or microwave technology were involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sample Pretreatment and Analytical Method for Nitrate Determination in Vegetables

2021

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Different sample pretreatment extraction techniques and analytical methods are often used for nitrate determination in vegetables; however, the effects of these variables have not been properly examined. Therefore, sample pretreatment (oven-dried and fresh extraction) and nitrate determination methods (colorimetric method (salicylic method (SM)) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were compared in Chinese kale (K) and morning glory (M) in this study. Oven-dried and fresh samples (K and M) were extracted by maceration and determined for nitrate content by the SM. As a result, the nitrate contents of both the oven-dried samples were significantly lower than the fresh samples (p < 0.01). A high correlation between the SM and HPLC was observed in 21 oven-dried samples of K and M. The nitrate contents using SM were significantly lower than the HPLC (p < 0.01). Both methods could be used for nitrate analysis in vegetables with an awareness of impurities in the SM. HIGHLIGHTS The drying process reduced the nitrate content Temperature effects nitrate content The SM demonstrated a lower nitrate content than the HPLC in all the dried vegetable samples Colorimetric by Salicylic acid and HPLC method could be used for nitrate analysis in vegetables GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Determination of nitrate in lettuce by ion chromatography after microwave water extraction

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

EC Sensitivity of Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Types in Terms of Nitrate Accumulation

EC Sensitivity of Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Types in Terms of Nitrate Accumulation

A Comparison of Nitrate Release from Zn/Al-, Mg/Al-, and Mg–Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxides and Composite Beads: Utilization as Slow-Release Fertilizers

Comparison of Sample Pretreatment and Analytical Method for Nitrate Determination in Vegetables

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