Neoplasias hepáticas: caracterização por métodos de imagem

Abstract

Uma grande variedade de tumores benignos e malignos ocorre no fígado. Embora a caracterização de lesões hepáticas focais possa ser um desafio para o radiologista, a maioria das lesões se apresenta com características de imagem que permitem o seu diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de rever os principais aspectos de imagem dos tumores hepáticos benignos e malignos mais comumente encontrados no fígado adulto.

The role of gadoxetic acid as a paramagnetic contrast medium in the characterization and detection of focal liver lesions: a review

“…Histologically, hepatic adenomas consist of well differentiated hepatocyte cords, with absence biliary ducts or portal tracts ( 10 , 32 ) . At images with Gd-EOB-DTPA, adenomas typically present contrast uptake in up to 100% of the cases, but lower than the uptake by the parenchyma in the hepatobiliary phase, due to the absent or quite reduced hepatocellular uptake of gadoxetic acid by the lesion ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…HCC is the most common malignant primary hepatic neoplasm, generally occurring as a complication of hepatic cirrhosis, particularly that caused by B and C viruses ( 10 , 32 ) . HCC is the main cause of deaths in cirrhotic patients, and for this reason an early and accurate diagnosis is very important for an appropriate treatment and management of such patients ( 29 ) .…”

“…HCC is the main cause of deaths in cirrhotic patients, and for this reason an early and accurate diagnosis is very important for an appropriate treatment and management of such patients ( 29 ) . Nodular lesions in a cirrhotic liver can be divided into two major groups: a) regenerative and dysplastic nodules; b) neoplastic nodules ( 32 ) . However, the correct imaging characterization of these lesions still remains a challenge, as frequently pre-neoplastic hepatocellular lesions as well as dysplastic nodules mimic small HCCs well-differentiated ( 37 ) .…”

“…Hepatic metastasis is the most frequent malignant liver lesion. The correct diagnosis is fundamental for the definition of the therapeutic approach as well as to establish the prognosis, hence the relevance of the differentiation between such lesions and other benign liver nodules in cancer patients ( 32 ) . In the gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase, both hypovascular and hypervascular liver metastases are hypointense in relation to the adjacent parenchyma due to the absence of functional hepatocytes in such lesions ( 30 ) .…”

Sensibilidade e especificidade dos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem (ultrassonografia, ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada) na detecção de nódulos hepáticos no cirrótico com correlação histológica do explante

“…Uma grande variedade de tumores benignos e malignos ocorre no fígado, independentemente da presença da cirrose / hepatopatia crônica. (82,83) .…”