Diversidade genética em coleções amazônicas de germoplasma de cupuaçuzeiro [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.]

Alves, R. N. B.; Silva, Carlos Rogério de Sousa; Silva, Maria Suellem da Conceição; Silva, Darly Caroline de Souza; Sebbenn, Alexandre Magno

doi:10.1590/s0100-29452013000300019

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, Lanaud et al (1999) and Alves et al (2013) reported a lower mean number of alleles per locus for T. cacao and T. grandiflorum, respectively, than that found for T. speciosum in the current study, i.e., 4.4 alleles per locus for T. cacao and 3.21 alleles per locus for T. grandiflorum.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…However, native Theobroma species have been subjected to strong anthropogenic genetic erosion (Alves et al, 2013), which has isolated populations into small fragments, decreased the number of individuals and the population density, and affected genetic processes such as genetic drift, gene flow, selection, and mating systems (Young and Boyle, 2000). According to Costa et al (2011), knowing the genetic variation of native species enables the development of strategies that allow the domestication and incorporation of these species in regional productive systems, as well as minimizing the environmental impact and establishing effective conservation plans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of fragmentation on the natural genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. populations

Varella¹,

Rossi

Dardengo

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Forest fragmentation reduces the effective size of natural populations, isolates individuals in the landscape, and, consequently, changes species' mating systems by increasing the degree of relatedness between individuals and inbreeding. Investigating the impact of habitat degradation on forest fragments helps to assess the genetic and ecological consequences of these changes, and allows the development of effective and sustainable conservation strategies to manage the genetic resources of species living in degraded landscapes. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity of fragmented Theobroma speciosum populations using microsatellite markers. Three urban forest fragments were selected in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, namely C/E park, J park, and Zoo Botanical park. Seventy-five individuals (25 in each fragment) were sampled by collecting their leaves for genomic DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction amplifications were performed using nine polymorphic simple sequence repeat primers, which amplified 84 alleles. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.970, and it was always higher than the observed heterozygosity. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most variability occurred within populations (64%) rather than between them (36%). The Structure software and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram revealed three distinct groups, showing that individuals were allocated to their correct populations. Genotype number 3 from C/E park, number 45 from J park, and number 51 from Zoo Botanical park could be used as stock plants in breeding programs, because they were the most dissimilar within the populations studied. The high genetic diversity levels detected in all three populations studied emphasize the importance of protecting this species in its natural habitat.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fragmentation on the natural genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. populations

Varella¹,

Rossi

Dardengo

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…O gênero Theobroma L., pertencente à família Malvaceae (ALVERSON et al, 1999), tem apresentado grande importância devido à relevância econômica do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e do cupuaçuzeiro Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.)…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Diversidade genética de duas espécies de Theobroma L. em um fragmento florestal no Portal da Amazônia, MT, Brasil

Rossi

Silva

Arenas-de-Souza

et al. 2017

Nativa

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Recebido em março/2017; Aceito em agosto/2017. RESUMO:O estudo objetivou analisar a diversidade genética de Theobroma speciosum e Theobroma subincanum em um fragmento florestal no município de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram amostrados aleatoriamente 21 indivíduos T. speciosum e 20 de T. subincanum. Sete primers ISSR foram utilizados e produziram 35 fragmentos dos quais 42,8% apresentaram polimorfismo para T. speciosum e 57,1% para T. subincanum. A diversidade genética de Nei e o Índice de Shannon foram de 0,133 e 0,201 para T. speciosum e 0,244 e 0,351 para T. subincanum respectivamente. O dendrograma UPGMA apresentou quatro grupos para T. speciosum e três grupos para T. subincanum. Os marcadores ISSR foram capazes de acessar a diversidade das duas espécies em estudo gerando informações para programas de conservação e melhoramento genético e demonstraram que a fragmentação vegetal ocasionou um efeito maior sobre a diversidade genética da espécie T. speciosum nas populações estudadas. Os níveis de diversidade encontrados no estudo indicam existência de variabilidade genética e alertam para a importância da conservação in situ destas populações como fonte de genes para o melhoramento genético do gênero Theobroma. Palavras-chave: Cacauí. Cupuí, fragmentação florestal, ISSR.Genetic diversity of two species of Theobroma L. in a forest fragment in Amazon Portal, MT, Brazil ABSTRACT:This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum and Theobroma subincanum in forest fragment in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We randomly sampled twenty-one T. speciosum individuals and twenty T. subincanum individuals. The seven ISSR primers used produced 35 fragments, from which 42,8% were polymorphic for T. speciosum and 57,1 % were polymorphic for T. subincanum. The Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon index respectively were 0,133 and 0,201 for T. speciosum and 0,244 and 0,351 for T. subincanum. The UPGMA dendrogram showed four clusters for T. speciosum and three clusters for T. subincanum. The ISSR markers were able to access the genetic diversity of the two species studied, thus they provided information for conservation and breeding programs, also demonstrated that forest fragmentation caused a greater effect on genetic diversity of the T. speciosum species in the populations studied. The levels of diversity found in the study indicate that there is genetic variability and alert to the importance of in situ conservation of these populations as a source of genes for the genetic improvement of the genus Theobroma.

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“…This disease is caused by the Crinipellis (Moniliophthora) perniciosa fungus and is responsible for great yield losses observed in recent years (Alves et al, 2010). Studies on the genetic diversity of cupuaçu were carried out by Alves et al (2013), Araújo et al (2002) and Maia et al (2011a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic divergence among cupuaçu accessions by multiscale bootstrap resampling

et al. 2015

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This study aimed at investigating the genetic divergence of eighteen accessions of cupuaçu trees based on fruit morphometric traits and comparing usual methods of cluster analysis with the proposed multiscale bootstrap resampling methodology. The data were obtained from an experiment conducted in Tomé-Açu city (PA, Brazil), arranged in a completely randomized design with eighteen cupuaçu accessions and 10 repetitions, from 2004 to 2011. Genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) methodology. The predicted breeding values were used in the study on genetic divergence through Unweighted Pair Cluster Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) hierarchical clustering and Tocher's optimization method based on standardized Euclidean distance. Clustering consistency and optimal number of clusters in the UPGMA method were verified by the cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) and Mojena's criterion, respectively, besides the multiscale bootstrap resampling technique. The use of the clustering UPGMA method in situations with and without multiscale bootstrap resulted in four and five clusters, respectively, while the Tocher's method resulted in seven clusters. The multiscale bootstrap resampling technique proves to be efficient to assess the consistency of clustering in hierarchical methods and, consequently, the optimal number of clusters.

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Diversidade genética em coleções amazônicas de germoplasma de cupuaçuzeiro [Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.]

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of fragmentation on the natural genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. populations

Effect of fragmentation on the natural genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. populations

Diversidade genética de duas espécies de Theobroma L. em um fragmento florestal no Portal da Amazônia, MT, Brasil

Genetic divergence among cupuaçu accessions by multiscale bootstrap resampling

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