Resistance of Manihot esculenta and its intraspecific hybrids to the whitefly Aleurothrixus aepim (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of Manihot esculenta and its hybrids (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia and M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) to the whitefly (Aleurothrixus aepim). The trial was carried out in a greenhouse from October to December 2015, and it was based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments (eight genotypes). The evaluated variables and replicates were the following: duration of the developmental phases of the whitefly (nine replicates); nymphal viability (nine replicates); egg viability (five replicates); period of incubation (five replicates); and number of eggs (three replicates). Trichome counting (nine replicates) and the colorimetric analysis (nine replicates) were also performed. The 'Ecuador 72' genotype promoted the lowest value for viability of the immature development phase (44.89%), showing an antibiosis effect on A. aepim. The FLA 003 genotype (a wild accession of M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and the F1 011 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and PE 001 (M. esculenta x M. esculenta ssp. peruviana) hybrids showed resistance by antixenosis and were the less preferred for oviposition. The 'Ecuador 72', FLA 003, F1 011, and PE 001 genotypes can be used as sources to obtain new, resistant cultivars of cassava.

The Leaf Color and Trichome Density Influence the Whitefly Infestation in Different Cassava Cultivars

“…A study conducted with cassava cultivars verified that the whitefly A. aepim had less preference for leaves with low reflected light intensity, with no difference found for the chroma b* [ 47 ], differing from the present study. However, the obtained results in the mentioned study were observed in other cassava cultivars, grown in a greenhouse, while the results of the present study were obtained in field conditions, with different lighting conditions, that may have contributed to the observed difference between the results.…”

“…The negative effect of leaves that were more pubescent was verified for B. tabaci in cotton [ 37 ], as well as for Aleurotrachelus socialis Bondar, 1923 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the green-mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar, 1938) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cassava [ 25 , 27 ]. However, no relation between trichome density and B. tabaci biotype B development was found in cotton and soybean [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], neither for the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Matile-Ferrero) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) nor A. aepim in cassava plants [ 47 ].…”

Volatile Organic Compounds from Cassava Plants Confer Resistance to the Whitefly Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886)

“…Such resistance has been explained based on insect biology and behavioural parameters, such as the higher nymphal development time, lower survival rate, and smaller size of B. tuberculata [37], as well as the lower oviposition rates, reduced size and fecundity, and higher mortality of A. socialis, compared to those of other insects [36,53]. The higher mortality and extended development time of the immature phase of A. aepim have previously been observed in M Ecuador 72 [55]. However, the role of the metabolites involved in the resistance of this genotype to whiteflies has received little attention, and studies on the effects of these metabolites on insect behaviour and biology are lacking.…”

Occurrence and distribution of lace bug, whitefly, and shoot fly pest species on cassava (Manihot esculenta) crops according to region in Paraná State, Brazil

“…The biological life cycle of V. manihotae occurs over approximately 22 days (25 + 2 ℃) (Miranda, Rheinheimer, Bellon, Gazola, & Pietrowski, 2009). At 26 + 4 ℃ B. tuberculata survives for approximately 26 days (Andrade, Roel, Penteado-Dias, & Costa, 2012) and, for A. aepim, at similar temperatures, but reared on different cassava cultivars, the lifecycle varies from 26.8 to 30.5 days (Lima, Ringenberg, Fancelli, & Ledo, 2018).…”