Comportamento de predação e conversão alimentar de Podisus nigrispinus sobre a traça-do-tomateiro

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da predação de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) por ninfas e adultos de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) na reprodução desse predador, em casa telada (30±5 o C, 61±23% de UR e fotoperíodo natural) e em laboratório (28±1°C, 53±5% de UR e fotoperíodo de 14L:10E). Ninfas de P. nigrispinus, a partir do segundo ínstar e os adultos originados dessas ninfas, foram confinados em folhas de tomate industrial var. IPA-5, com dez lagartas de terceiro ou quarto ínstares de T. absoluta. A taxa de predação do segundo ao quinto ínstar de P. nigrispinus foi de 6,2, 6,6, 8,6 e 15,5 lagartas em casa telada e de 9,1, 11,1, 8,7 e 12,9 lagartas em laboratório, respectivamente. P. nigrispinus predou, durante sua fase ninfal, um número semelhante de lagartas de T. absoluta em casa telada (38,2±1,78) e laboratório (43,1±2,19), alimentando-se, em média, de 2,3 e 2,5 lagartas por dia, respectivamente, nesses dois ambientes. Fêmeas de P. nigrispinus predaram, em média, 50,8±6,1 e 50,3±10,6 lagartas no laboratório e casa telada. A conversão do alimento por fêmea de P. nigrispinus foi semelhante nos dois ambientes, tendo produzido 0,31 ovos/lagarta de T. absoluta consumida em casa telada e 0,41 ovos/lagarta em laboratório.Termos para indexação: Lycopersicum esculentum, ninfas, predadores, controle biológico, cultivo protegido. Predatory behavior and food conversion of Podisus nigrispinus preying on tomato leafminerAbstract This work aimed to determine the predatory behavior of nymphs and adults of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) and its reproduction preying upon Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) under open sided greenhouse (30±5 o C, 61±23% RH and natural photophase) and laboratory (28±1°C, 53±5% RH and 14 hours of photophase) conditions. Second to later instars and adults of P. nigrispinus were caged on processing tomato var. IPA-5 leaves infested with ten T. absoluta third or fourth instars. P. nigrispinus from second to fifth instar preyed on 9.1, 11.1, 8.7 and 12.9 caterpillars in the laboratory and 6.2, 6.6, 8.6 and 15.5 caterpillars in the open sided greenhouse. Thus, P. nigrispinus fed on similar number of T. absoluta caterpillars under laboratory (43.1±2.19) and open sided greenhouse (38.2±1.78) conditions, preying on 2.5 and 2.3 caterpillars per day, respectively, in these environments. Average P. nigrispinus female predation was 50.8±6.1 and 50.3±10.6 caterpillars in laboratory and open sided greenhouse, respectively. Food conversion per P. nigrispinus female was similar between environments with production of 0.31 eggs per consumed caterpillar in open sided greenhouse, and 0.41 eggs in laboratory.Index terms: Lycopersicum esculentum, nymphs, predators, biological control, protected cultivation.(1) Aceito para publicação em 21 IntroduçãoOs ecossistemas agrícolas podem ser, temporariamente, colonizados por artrópodes predadores, que obtêm energia de diversas presas para satisfazer suas demandas fisiológicas e se manter nesses ecossistemas. Entretanto, isto depende das condições ambientais e da capacidade...

Selection of prey to improve biological parameters of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions

“…Saavedra et al (1997) gave third-instar A. gemmatalis larvae to P. nigrispinus and reported similar consumption results to those of this study. Vivan et al (2002) found that P. nigrispinus nymphs consumed 2.3 to 2.5 larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) per day, which differs to the results obtained with other lepidopteran larvae in the present study. It is possible that this highest consumption may be due to the smaller body size of T. absoluta larvae.…”

“…In the field, the rate of predation of Podisus Herrich-schaeffer, 1851 on several prey species varies from 0.32 to 2.46 attacks/female/day (Oliveira et al, 2008;Pires et al, 2009;Vivan et al, 2002) and is mainly affected by the size of the larva, plant type, and climatic conditions. According to Vivan et al (2002), adult P. nigrispinus consumed an average of 50.8 T. absoluta larvae, which are smaller than M. domestica larvae, P. nigrispinus adults consumed 9.1 Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae daily and up to 346.0 during their adulthood (Vacari et al, 2013). According to Oliveira et al (2008), P. nigrispinus adults consumed 0.93 to 1.23 A. gemmatalis larvae/day.…”

“…When fed on S. frugiperda, females P. nigrispinus had an average of 14.89 egg masses, each with 30.06 eggs; when fed on T. molitor larvae, they had an average of 17 egg masses, each with 19.06 eggs (Oliveira et al, 2004a); and when gave T. absoluta larvae as a prey, they had an average of 15.7 eggs per mass (Vivan et al, 2002). Means ± confidence interval followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ according to a Tukey test at the 1% level of probability.…”

A dieta alimentar da presa Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pode afetar o desenvolvimento do predador Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)?

“…O tipo de dieta, seja ela artificial ou natural, pode influenciar no desenvolvimento do predador e afetar seu desempenho reprodutivo (Lemos et al, 2003). O percevejo predador P. nigrispinus geralmente é alimentado com larvas ou pupas de Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) devido ao baixo custo e fácil manutenção em laboratório (Vivan et al ., 2002). Estas podem afetar o desempenho reprodutivo deste predador, podendo ser de forma semelhante (Lemos et al, 2003) ou superior a presas naturais, como larvas de Lepidoptera (Moreira et al, 1998;Espindula et al, 2010) ou presas alternativas, como o bicho da seda (Zanuncio et al, 1994) ou larvas de mosca doméstica (Jusselino Filho et al, 2001).…”

Seven decades of studies with Asopinae predators in Brazil (1933●-○2014)

“…In 1995, at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), the first doctoral thesis was defended which dealt specifically with Asopinae predators whose theme was "Artificial diet for Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) and influence on its ability for predation of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner" (SAAVEDRA, 1995). Through years of research and investigations, advances with Asopinae predators have resulted in various studies of biology and plant health such as: increasing the number of species reported (THOMAS, 1992), definition and presentation of the main species for biological control programs (PIRES et al, 2009a;THOMAS, 1992), increase in the number of institutions collaborating in this line of research (Federal University of Viçosa -UFV, Federal University of Lavras -UFLA, Federal University of Mato Grosso -UFMT, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri -UFVJM, Federal University of Paraíba -UFPB, Federal University of Grande Dourados -UFGD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul -UFRGS, Federal University of Minas Gerais -UFMG, Federal University of Pará -UFPA, Federal Rural Univeristy of Pernambuco -UFRPE and EMBRAPA), evolution of equipment for mass rearing and techniques and form of management (MOLINA-RUGAMA et al, 1998;PELÚZIO, 2012;PIRES et al, 2006;ZANUNCIO et al, 1994a), accommodation and ambience (MEDEIROS et al, 2003;SANTOS et al, 2005), physiology and internal and external morphology (AZEVEDO et al, 2007;GUEDES et al, 2007;LEMOS et al, 2006;2005a;SOARES et al, 2011;SÁ et al, 2013), studies on sensory and (ALDRICH et al, 1997;CORACINI et al, 1999;TORRES et al, 1997a) behavioral aspects (CARVALHO et al, 1995;1994;FERREIRA et al, 2008;LEMOS et al, 2005d;PIRES et al, 2010a;SAAVEDRA et al, 1997;SILVA et al, 2012;VIVIAN et al, 2002), toxicology, with focus on studies on selectivity of insecticides ...…”