Capacidade Combinatória Para Frutificação Em Cultivares De Nogueira Macadâmia

Sacramento, Célio Kersul do; Pereira, Fernando Mendes; Pérecin, Dilermando; Sabino, José Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x1999001100010

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(Urata, 1954;Heard, 1994;Wallace et al, 1996;Howlett et al, 2015;Grass et al, 2018;Willcox et al, 2019). The flowers are partially selfincompatible, with greater pollen tube growth and higher fruitlet set after cross-pollination by pollen from a different cultivar than self-pollination by pollen from the same cultivar A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 7 (Sedgley, 1983;Sedgley et al, 1990;Meyers et al, 1995;Sacramento et al, 1999;Howlett et al, 2019). Each flower contains two ovules but only one pollen tube reaches the ovary and only one seed is formed (Sedgley, 1981(Sedgley, , 1983Trueman and Turnbull, 1994a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen limitation and xenia effects in a cultivated mass-flowering tree, Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae)

et al. 2021

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Background and Aims Pollen limitation is most prevalent among bee-pollinated plants, self-incompatible plants, and tropical plants. However, we have very little understanding of the extent to which pollen limitation affects fruit set in mass-flowering trees despite tree crops accounting for at least 600 million tons of the 9,200 million tons of annual global food production. Methods We determined the extent of pollen limitation in a bee-pollinated, partially self-incompatible, subtropical tree by hand cross-pollinating the majority of flowers on mass-flowering macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) trees that produce about 200,000–400,000 flowers. We measured tree yield and kernel quality and estimated final fruit set. We genotyped individual kernels by MassARRAY to determine levels of outcrossing in orchards and assess paternity effects on nut quality. Key Results Macadamia trees were pollen limited. Supplementary cross-pollination increased nut-in-shell yield, kernel yield and fruit set by as much as 97%, 109% and 92%, respectively. The extent of pollen limitation depended upon the proximity of experimental trees to trees of another cultivar because macadamia trees were highly outcrossing. Between 84% and 100% of fruit arose from cross-pollination, even at 200 m (25 rows) from orchard blocks of another cultivar. Large variations in nut-in-shell mass, kernel mass, kernel recovery and kernel oil concentration were related to differences in fruit paternity, including between self-pollinated and cross-pollinated fruit, thus demonstrating pollen-parent effects on fruit quality, i.e. xenia. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate pollen limitation in a mass-flowering tree. Improved pollination led to increased kernel yield of 0.31–0.59 tons per hectare, which equates currently to higher farm-gate income of approximately US3,720–US7,080 per hectare. The heavy reliance of macadamia flowers on cross-pollination and the strong xenia effects on kernel mass demonstrate the high value that pollination services can provide to food production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen limitation and xenia effects in a cultivated mass-flowering tree, Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae)

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, maximising both yield and human-health benefits may depend upon ensuring high levels of cross-pollination in tree-nut orchards.Relationships between kernel size, nutritional composition, and cross-or self-paternity are poorly understood for some nuts, including the subtropical tree nut, macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla and hybrids). Macadamia flowers are bee-pollinated and partially self-incompatible [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Manual cross-pollination of macadamia racemes produces more fruit than manual self-pollination [44,45].…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars

Richards

Kämper

Trueman

et al. 2020

Plants

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Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, "Daddow", "816" and "A4". We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross-or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in "Daddow" and "A4". Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross-and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for "Daddow", "816" and "A4", respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.Plants 2020, 9, 228 2 of 14 also a valuable source of calcium, iron and zinc, which can be absorbed insufficiently during phases of high dietary demand such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy and breastfeeding [16][17][18][19][20][21].The fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations of tree-nut kernels can vary greatly among cultivars [9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Fatty acid composition and nutrient concentrations can also vary within almond or pistachio cultivars because of differences in the pollen parentage of individual kernels [22][23][24][25]29,30]. For example, self-pollinated kernels of some almond cultivars have lower oleic:linoleic acid ratios than cross-pollinated kernels [25,29]. In addition, self-pollinated kernels of some almond, chestnut and hazelnut cultivars are smaller than cross-pollinated kernels [22,[31][32][33]. Such effects of the paternal genetic background on the size or quality of the embryo are termed "xenia", and xenic effects are common in fruit and nut crops [34]. Therefore, maximising both yield and human-health benefits may depend upon ensuring high levels of cross-pollination in tree-nut orchards.Relationships between kernel size, nutritional composition, and cross-or self-paternity are poorly understood for some nuts, including the subtropical tree nut, macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla and hybrids). Macadamia flowers are bee-pollinated and partially self-incompatible [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]...

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“…Torrada, é muito apreciada como aperitivo. A macadâmia frutifica de fevereiro a maio (SACRAMENTO, 1999).…”

Section: Macadamia -Aspectos Geraisunclassified

COMPOSIÇÃO CENTESIMAL E NUTRICIONAL DA MACADÂMIA (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betch) E ANÁLISE DO SEU PERFIL LIPÍDICO RELACIONADO À TERAPÊUTICA

Fedalto

Stofella

Gomes

et al. 2019

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A macadâmia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betch) é uma noz considerada nobre pelo seu custo relativamente alto e suas possíveis propriedades funcionais relacionadas à redução dos riscos de doenças cardiovasculares. Além disso, este grão apresenta importância na indústria farmacêutica, pois, o óleo extraído da noz, é de grande valia no desenvolvimento de cremes hidratantes e shampoos, já que tem afinidade com as proteínas da pele e dos cabelos. Com o objetivo de se conhecer e comparar com dados da literatura foram realizadas análises baseadas em métodos de referência. Os resultados foram obtidos com base em uma porção de 15g, que equivale à medida caseira de uma colher de sopa. A investigação da umidade teve como resultado 1,10g, valor não condizente com a literatura. Já os resultados de proteínas (1,40g), lipídeos (10,56g), carboidratos (1,10g), fibras (0,68g), minerais (0,16g) e em kcal (105,01) em um total de 15g de amostra foram muito próximos aos valores encontrados na literatura.

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Capacidade Combinatória Para Frutificação Em Cultivares De Nogueira Macadâmia

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Pollen limitation and xenia effects in a cultivated mass-flowering tree, Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae)

Pollen limitation and xenia effects in a cultivated mass-flowering tree, Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae)

Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars

COMPOSIÇÃO CENTESIMAL E NUTRICIONAL DA MACADÂMIA (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betch) E ANÁLISE DO SEU PERFIL LIPÍDICO RELACIONADO À TERAPÊUTICA

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