Alterações nas propriedades químicas e microbianas de solos cultivados com videiras sob manejo orgânico e convencional no sul do Brasil

Amaral, Higo Forlan; Sena, José Ozinaldo Alves de; Schwan-Estrada, Kátia Regina Freitas; Balota, Elcio Libório; Andrade, Diva Souza

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832011000500006

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Comparisons of bulk soil under different management strategies, i.e., organic (nutrients provided from sources other than synthetic inputs) versus conventional management, have revealed effects on soil properties that, in turn, drive variation in microbial communities at small and intermediate scales (5)(6)(7)(8). Small-scale studies designed to minimize environmental heterogeneity, such as long-term experiments on a single site, show strong effects of management on soil physicochemical parameters (9,10), microbial biomass (9), and habitat-specific bacterial and fungal taxa (11). At an intermediate spatial scale, such as paired fields within a region, contextual variables such as climate, soil type, and cropping system largely influence the soil physicochemical parameters and microbial processes that differ between conventional and organic fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Schmidt

Vannette

Igwe

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Agricultural management practices affect bulk soil microbial communities and the functions they carry out, but it remains unclear how these effects extend to the rhizosphere in different agroecosystem contexts. Given close linkages between rhizosphere processes and plant nutrition and productivity, understanding how management practices impact this critical zone is of great importance to optimize plant-soil interactions for agricultural sustainability. A comparison of six paired conventional-organic processing tomato farms was conducted to investigate relationships between management, soil physicochemical parameters, and rhizosphere microbial community composition and functions. Organically managed fields were higher in soil total N and NO 3 -N, total and labile C, plant Ca, S, and Cu, and other essential nutrients, while soil pH was higher in conventionally managed fields. Differential abundance, indicator species, and random forest analyses of rhizosphere communities revealed compositional differences between organic and conventional systems and identified management-specific microbial taxa. Phylogeny-based trait prediction showed that these differences translated into more abundant pathogenesis-related gene functions in conventional systems. Structural equation modeling revealed a greater effect of soil biological communities than physicochemical parameters on plant outcomes. These results highlight the importance of rhizosphere-specific studies, as plant selection likely interacts with management in regulating microbial communities and functions that impact agricultural productivity. IMPORTANCE Agriculture relies, in part, on close linkages between plants and the microorganisms that live in association with plant roots. These rhizosphere bacteria and fungi are distinct from microbial communities found in the rest of the soil and are even more important to plant nutrient uptake and health. Evidence from field studies shows that agricultural management practices such as fertilization and tillage shape microbial communities in bulk soil, but little is known about how these practices affect the rhizosphere. We investigated how agricultural management affects plant-soil-microbe interactions by comparing soil physical and chemical properties, plant nutrients, and rhizosphere microbial communities from paired fields under organic and conventional management. Our results show that human management effects extend even to microorganisms living in close association with plant roots and highlight the importance of these bacteria and fungi to crop nutrition and productivity.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Schmidt

Vannette

Igwe

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…O aumento do pH do solo é importante, pois reduz as formas tóxicas de Al, eleva as cargas elétricas negativas na superfície dos colóides do solo e reduz as perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação (AMARAL et al, 2011). Apesar dos maiores teores de Al trocável no CON, na camada de 0-10 cm (Tabela 2), os níveis deste elemento nos dois pomares foram baixos, não capazes de prejudicarem o desenvolvimento das plantas, pois quando o pH está acima de 5,5 o Al encontra-se precipitado.…”

Section: Resultados E Discussão Atributos Físicos Químicos E Biológiunclassified

“…As diferenças na qualidade do solo entre pomares ORG e CON são normalmente mais evidentes quando utilizados indicadores microbiológicos (ALMEIDA et al, 2011;MALUCHE-BARETTA et al, 2007). Segundo Amaral et al (2011), diferenças no Cmic estão relacionadas ao sistema de manejo adotado, bem como a intensidade das práticas culturais. O Cmic é um atributo dinâmico e mais sensível que os atributos químicos e físicos, e permite avaliar rapidamente mudanças na qualidade do solo em sistemas de manejo (ALMEIDA et al, 2011;ARAÚJO et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultados E Discussão Atributos Físicos Químicos E Biológiunclassified

Atributos do solo e qualidade de frutos nos sistemas convencional e orgânico de produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil1

Amarante¹,

Rosa²,

Albuquerque³

et al. 2015

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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RESUMO -O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo, a composição mineral e a qualidade de frutos, em pomares de maçãs 'Royal Gala' conduzidos sob os sistemas de produção convencional (CON) e orgânico (ORG), em um Nitossolo Háplico. Na linha de cultivo das plantas, o solo no ORG apresentou melhor qualidade física (maiores valores de estabilidade dos agregados, condutividade hidráulica saturada e porosidade total, e menor densidade), química [menor acidez e maiores valores de Ca e Mg trocáveis, carbono orgânico total (COT) e nitrogênio total (NT)] e biológica [maiores valores de carbono da biomassa microbiana (Cmic) e relação Cmic/COT], na camada de 0-20 cm, quando comparado ao CON. Como no ORG não foram utilizados produtos químicos sintéticos para a superação de dormência, a colheita comercial dos frutos ocorreu um mês após o CON. Apesar desta diferença na época de colheita, frutos cultivados sob o sistema ORG apresentam na colheita menor índice de iodo-amido e maiores valores de firmeza de polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis, quando comparados aos valores obtidos em frutos cultivados sob o sistema CON. Frutos do ORG possuem maior percentagem de coloração vermelha da casca, porém elevada severidade de "russeting", em relação aos do sistema CON. Durante o armazenamento refrigerado convencional (quatro meses a 0 ± 0,5 o C/90-95% UR), frutos cultivados sob o sistema ORG apresentam elevada perda de firmeza de polpa, o que pode estar associado aos altos teores K e Mg na polpa e de N na casca, em relação aos cultivados sob o sistema CON. Portanto, mesmo no sistema ORG, o suprimento destes elementos pode ser demasiadamente elevado, comprometendo a preservação da qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. Palavras-chave:Malus domestica (Borkh). Atributos do solo. Nutrição de plantas. Pós-colheita de fruto.ABSTRACT -The present study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, and the mineral composition and quality of the fruit, in orchards of 'Royal Gala' apple, under conventional (CON) and organic (ORG) production systems, in a Haplic Nitisol. Under ORG, the soil in the cultivation furrow showed better physical quality (higher values for aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and lower density), chemical quality [lower acidity and higher values of exchangeable Ca and Mg, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN)] and biological quality [higher values for microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and ratio of Cmic to TOC], in the 0-20 cm layer compared to CON. Because under the ORG system synthetic chemicals for breaking dormancy were not used, commercial fruit harvesting took place one month after that of the CON system. Despite this difference in the time of harvest, fruit grown under the ORG system have, when harvested, a lower starch-iodine index and higher values for firmness and soluble solid content, when compared to values obtained in fruits grown under the CON system. Fruit under ORG has a highe...

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“…Alternatively, the soil is exposed to intense light and rain when the litter is removed [66], creating suboptimal or lethal conditions for soil microorganisms, possibly damaging the mycelium structure [67]. Given that soil microorganisms are closely associated with the production of enzymes [68], the soil enzyme activity is correspondingly reduced with the decrease in soil microorganisms. Furthermore, removing plant detritus reduces soil enzyme activity by lowering the substrate concentration of the soil enzymatic reaction [69].…”

Section: Effects Of Combined Root Exclusion and Litter Removal On Soimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of litter and root manipulations on soil carbon and nitrogen in a Schrenk’s spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest

et al. 2021

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Plant detritus represents the major source of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and changes in its quantity can influence below-ground biogeochemical processes in forests. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how above- and belowground detrital inputs affect soil C and N in mountain forests in an arid land. Here, we explored the effects of litter and root manipulations (control (CK), doubled litter input (DL), removal of litter (NL), root exclusion (NR), and a combination of litter removal and root exclusion (NI)) on soil C and N concentrations, enzyme activity and microbial biomass during a 2-year field experiment. We found that DL had no significant effect on soil total organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) but significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass C, N and inorganic N as well as soil cellulase, phosphatase and peroxidase activities. Conversely, NL and NR reduced soil C and N concentrations and enzyme activities. We also found an increase in the biomass of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the DL treatment, while NL reduced the biomass of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi by 5.15%, 17.50% and 14.17%, respectively. The NR decreased the biomass of these three taxonomic groups by 8.97%, 22.11% and 21.36%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soil biotic factors (enzyme activity and microbial biomass) and abiotic factors (soil moisture content) significantly controlled the change in soil C and N concentrations (P < 0.01). In brief, we found that the short-term input of plant detritus could markedly affect the concentrations and biological characteristics of the C and N fractions in soil. The removal experiment indicated that the contribution of roots to soil nutrients is greater than that of the litter.

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Alterações nas propriedades químicas e microbianas de solos cultivados com videiras sob manejo orgânico e convencional no sul do Brasil

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Atributos do solo e qualidade de frutos nos sistemas convencional e orgânico de produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil1

Effects of litter and root manipulations on soil carbon and nitrogen in a Schrenk’s spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest

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Alterações nas propriedades químicas e microbianas de solos cultivados com videiras sob manejo orgânico e convencional no sul do Brasil

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Atributos do solo e qualidade de frutos nos sistemas convencional e org&#226;nico de produ&#231;&#227;o de ma&#231;&#227;s no Sul do Brasil1

Effects of litter and root manipulations on soil carbon and nitrogen in a Schrenk’s spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest

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Atributos do solo e qualidade de frutos nos sistemas convencional e orgânico de produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil1