Propriedades físicas de um latossolo vermelho-amarelo cultivado com cafeeiro em três sistemas de manejo no sul de minas gerais

Carmo, Davi Lopes do; Nannetti, Dulcimara Carvalho; Júnior, Moacir de Souza; Santo, Djalma José do Espírito; Nannetti, Alex Nogueira; Lacerda, Tales Machado

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832011000300033

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The velocity of penetration also influenced the obtained CI, as it was observed from the results presented in Table 2. The recent literature regarding penetrometry shows that researchers have adopted different velocities, as in CARMO et al (2011), GELAIN et al (2011), BERGAMIN et al (2010, PETEAN et al (2010) andSERAFIM et al (2008), without an apparent criterion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CARMO et al (2011) used a bench top penetrometer of the same brand, model MA-933, and worked with a cone with a BAC of 19.68 mm 2 , an angle of 45°, and a constant velocity of 2mm s -1 . KLEIN & CAMARA (2007) used a model MA-933 as well, at a constant velocity of 0.1667 mm s -1 , equipped with a load cell of 200N, a and cone with a BAC of 12.56mm² of base area, and a 60° angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an automated bench top electronic penetrometer

2013

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to develop a an automated bench top electronic penetrometer (ABEP) that allows performing tests with high rate of data acquisition (up to 19,600 Hz) and with variation of the displacement velocity and of the base area of cone penetration. The mechanical components of the ABEP are: a supporting structure, stepper motor, velocity reducer, double nut ball screw and six penetration probes. The electronic components of ABEP are: a "driver" to control rotation and displacement, power supply, three load cells, two software programs for running and storing data, and a data acquisition module. This penetrometer presented in compact size, portable and in 32 validation tests it proved easy to operate, and showed high resolution, high velocity in reliability in data collection. During the validation tests the equipment met the objectives, because the test results showed that the ABEP could use different sizes of cones, allowed work at different velocities, showed for velocity and displacement, were only 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively, at the highest velocity (30 mm s-1) and 1% and 0.9%, respectively for the lowest velocity (0.1 mm s-1).KEYWORDS: soil compaction, soil resistance to penetration, velocity test, cone index. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM PENETROGRAFO ELETRÔNICO AUTOMÁTICO DE BANCADA RESUMO:O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um penetrógrafo eletrônico automático de bancada (PEAB) que permita realizar ensaios com alta taxa de aquisição de dados (até 19.600 Hz) e com variação da velocidade de deslocamento e da área da base do cone de penetração. Os componentes mecânicos do PEAB são uma estrutura de sustentação; motor de passo; redutor de velocidade; fuso de esferas com castanha dupla e seis sondas de penetração. Os componentes eletroeletrônicos que fazem parte do PEAB são um "driver", para controle de rotação e deslocamento; fonte de alimentação; três células de carga; dois softwares para execução e armazenamento de dados, e um módulo de obtenção de dados. O penetrógrafo apresentou tamanho compacto, portabilidade e, em 32 ensaios de validação, mostrou-se de fácil operação, elevada resolução, rapidez e confiabilidade na obtenção dos dados. O equipamento atendeu aos objetivos propostos, pois os resultados dos ensaios permitiram observar que o PEAB comporta diferentes tamanhos de cone e possibilitou trabalhar com diferentes velocidades, sendo as incertezas para velocidade e deslocamento, respectivamente, de apenas 1,3% e 0,7% na velocidade mais alta (30 mm s-1) e de 1% e 0,9% na velocidade mais baixa (0,1 mm s-1).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an automated bench top electronic penetrometer

2013

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“…For Farm 2, there was no reduction in total porosity. In clay soils, one third of the total porosity is ideally formed by macropores and the remaining two thirds by micropores, with an ideal Pmacro/Pmicro ratio of 0.5; however, the plant root system grows satisfactorily when the macropore volume is higher than 0.10 m 3 m -3 (Kiehl, 1979;Gontijo et al, 2008;Carmo et al, 2011). In regard to these assumptions, the macropore values were higher than 0.10 m 3 m -3 in all systems, but due to the higher macroporosity in relation to microporosity, the Pmacro/Pmicro ratio was greater than 0.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the optimal values for Pmicro would be close to 0.40 m 3 m -3 since the micropores are responsible for water retention in the soil and groundwater recharge (Oliveira et al, 2004). Thus, in the most weathered Latosols, which have low values of Pmicro and, consequently, lower water storage capacity, compression of these soils, within certain limits, could be beneficial in terms of greater water retention by the conversion of part of the macropores into micropores (Resende et al, 2007;Gontijo et al, 2008;Carmo et al, 2011). On the other hand, high air-filled porosity is of great importance for root growth and for rapid flow of air and water in the soil (Nunes et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil aggregation and organic carbon of Oxisols under coffee in agroforestry systems

Guimarães

Mendonça²,

Passos³

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Intensive land use can lead to a loss of soil physical quality with negative impacts on soil aggregates, resistance to root penetration, porosity, and bulk density. Organic and agroforestry management systems can represent sustainable, well-balanced alternatives in the agroecosystem for promoting a greater input of organic matter than the conventional system. Based on the hypothesis that an increased input of organic matter improves soil physical quality, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of coffee production systems on soil physical properties in two Red-Yellow Oxisols (Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos) in the region of Caparaó, Espirito Santo, Brazil. On Farm 1, we evaluated the following systems: primary forest (Pf1), organic coffee (Org1) and conventional coffee (Con1). On Farm 2, we evaluated: secondary forest (Sf2), organic coffee intercropped with inga (Org/In2), organic coffee intercropped with leucaena and inga (Org/In/Le2), organic coffee intercropped with cedar (Org/Ced2) and unshaded conventional coffee (Con2). Soil samples were collected under the tree canopy from the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. Under organic and agroforestry coffee management, soil aggregation was higher than under conventional coffee. In the agroforestry system, the degree of soil flocculation was 24 % higher, soil moisture was 80 % higher, and soil resistance to penetration was lower than in soil under conventional coffee management. The macroaggregates in the organic systems, Org/In2, Org/In/Le2, and Org/Ced2 contained, on average, 29.1, 40.1 and 34.7 g kg-1 organic carbon, respectively. These levels are higher than those found in the unshaded conventional system (Con2), with 20.2 g kg-1.

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“…A study by Pragana et al (2012), to assess differences in the soil physical attributes of no tillage and conventional tillage systems in a typical dystrophic Yellow Latosol, found higher absolute Bd values in soils with less soil turnover (no tillage) compared with soils subjected to conventional tillage. Carmo et al (2011) evaluated the effect of different coffee cultivation systems on soil physical properties and observed lower soil Bd in native forest and coffee plantations without mechanization, while slightly higher Bd was observed in high stand density farming and mechanized farming, although the differences were not significant. Higher Micro was also observed by Pereira et al (2010), also using a grass, Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), in an experiment to evaluate the physical quality of a soil cultivated with maize subjected to cover crops, pre-harvest.…”

Section: Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water retention and s index of an oxisol subjected to weed control methods in a coffee crop

et al. 2014

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Weed control in different crops affects the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil and consequently its structural quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using water retention characteristics and the S index, the physical quality of an Oxisol (Red-Yellow Latosol), subjected to weed control during the cultivation of coffee. The following weed control methods were evaluated: harrowing, brushcutting, residue crushing, manual weeding, post-emergence herbicide application, pre-emergence herbicide application, and maintenance of soil cover with peanut forage, Brachiaria grass, and spontaneous vegetation (no weed treatment). The following properties were determined for physical characterization of the soil: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, water retention, and the S index. The weed control method significantly affected the physical properties and water retention in the subsurface layer of the Oxisol. Soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity were significantly correlated with the S index. According to the S index, the physical quality of the soil was classified as very good for the various weed control methods investigated.

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Propriedades físicas de um latossolo vermelho-amarelo cultivado com cafeeiro em três sistemas de manejo no sul de minas gerais

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Development of an automated bench top electronic penetrometer

Development of an automated bench top electronic penetrometer

Soil aggregation and organic carbon of Oxisols under coffee in agroforestry systems

Water retention and s index of an oxisol subjected to weed control methods in a coffee crop

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