Expression profile of a Laccase2 encoding gene during the metamorphic molt in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera,Apidae)

Systemic RNAi in the small hive beetleAethina tumidaMurray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a serious pest of the European honey beeApis mellifera

“…Thereafter, worker bees were monitored for phenotype ( n = 20 per treatment) for 10 days or removed after 48 h and 1 week ( n = 15 per treatment) post‐injection for qPCR analysis. Additionally, qPCR analysis was carried out on two‐day‐old pharate adults (part of the pupal stage) injected with Laccase 2 dsRNA as, according to Elias‐Neto et al , this gene is significantly upregulated at this stage in the life cycle. Pharate adults were injected as previously described, and, after injection, individuals ( n = 15 per treatment) were carefully positioned in a well of a microtitre plate (Thermo Scientific) and removed from the environmental chamber after 48 h for qPCR analysis.…”

Identification of a laccase gene involved in shell periostracal tanning of the clam Meretrix petechialis

“…Laccases comprise a group of multi-copper enzymes. In many insects, laccase has been reported to be involved in the tanning of larval, pupal and adult cuticles (Andersen 2005, Arakane et al 2005, Niu et al 2008, Elias-Neto et al 2013. In this study, we identified a laccase gene from the clam Meretrix petechialis and investigated whether laccase was also involved in the tanning of the clam periostracum.…”

“…Lac-case2 was reported to be indispensable for tanning of the cuticle (exoskeleton) in the insect Tribolium castaneum (Arakane et al 2005). The involvement of laccase2 in cuticle tanning has also been found in other insect species (Andersen 2005, Niu et al 2008, Elias-Neto et al 2013. In mollusks, laccase has been identified as an immune factor (Luna-Acosta et al 2010, Le Bris et al 2013, but little is known about its role in periostracum formation.…”

RNAi-Mediated Suppression of Laccase2 Impairs Cuticle Tanning and Molting in the Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

“…It is noteworthy that Lac2 temporal expression is very dynamic and may be variable even within a given developmental stage. It has been proposed that Lac2 expression is controlled by ecdysteroids, being induced concurrently with the increase in ecdysteroid titer that coincides with the pre-ecdysial cuticle tanning period ( Elias-Neto et al, 2010 , 2013 ; Du et al, 2017 ).…”