Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) - a new species to Brazil: morphology of eggs, nymphs and adults

Abstract

Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) _ a new species to Brazil: morphology of eggs, nymphs and adults. Pineus boerneri represents the first Adelgidae species recorded in Brazil. This aphid species forms extensive colonies on branches and trunk of Pinus spp., with apterous oviparous females, eggs and nymphs covered with white wax. The aim of this research is to study the morphology of eggs, nymphs, and adults to provide useful data for species identification in order to solve taxonomic issues. The study was based on morphometric data and optical and scanning electron microscopy images. First instar nymphs are active and can be easily distinguished from the others by their elongate minute yellowish body; well developed legs bearing a pair of sensorial setae at the apex of the second tarsomere; and antenna with three segments with a large rhinarium and distinct apical setae on the last segment. From the second to the fourth instar, nymphs are sessile, with round red body; they loose the third antennal segment and its sensorial structures, as well as the setae on the second tarsomere. The oviparous female is reddish-brown, with round body with about 0.76 mm diameter; legs reduced; antennae one-segmented; ovipositor distinct; numerous wax glands are present, mainly on the head. Accurate characterization of the species and distinction of the nymphal instars of P. boerneri were made possible by canonical analysis of morphometric data and morphological characters.<br>Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) _ uma espécie nova para o Brasil: morfologia de ovos, ninfas e adultos. Pineus boerneri representa a primeira espécie de Adelgidae registrada no Brasil. Esta espécie de Adelgidae forma densas colônias em ramos e tronco de Pinus spp., com fêmeas ovíparas ápteras, ovos e ninfas recobertos por lanugem branca. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a morfologia de ovos, ninfas e de fêmeas adultas, visando à identificação correta da espécie, para solucionar problemas taxonômicos. O estudo das formas baseou-se na morfometria e microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura. As ninfas de primeiro instar são ativas, de coloração amarelada, diferenciadas das demais pelo formato alongado do corpo; pernas bem desenvolvidas com um par de cerdas sensoriais no ápice do segundo segmento tarsal; antenas com três segmentos, com um rinário e cerdas apicais bem distintas. A partir do segundo instar, as ninfas são sésseis, apresentam corpo arredondado de coloração avermelhada, perdem o terceiro segmento antenal e as cerdas e estruturas sensoriais do segundo segmento tarsal. As fêmeas adultas são marrom-avermelhadas, apresentam corpo arredondado, com aproximadamente 0,76 mm de diâmetro; pernas reduzidas; um único segmento antenal bem reduzido; ovipositor distinto; e numerosas glândulas de cera, principalmente, na região da cabeça. A caracterização da espécie e distinção dos ínstares é possível pela análise canônica dos dados morfométricos e caracteres morfológicos

Biology, incidence and host susceptibility ofPineus boerneri(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Colombian pine plantations

“…This adelgid has also been reported in nearby Brazil and Chile (Zuñiga 1985;Blackman and Eastop 1994;Oliveira et al 2008;Lazzari and Cardoso 2011), as well as other countries such as South Africa, New Zealand and the USA (McClure 1989;Blackman and Eastop 1994;Blackman et al 1995), where it is considered a pest of various Pinus species. This study investigated the life cycle, impact and host susceptibility of this pest and also provided the first report of the impact of predation of Ceraeochrysa sp., a naturally occurring enemy of P. boerneri in Colombia.…”

“…Generation time is closely related with climate, host condition and insect size, and can include between two and six generations per year (Arthur and Hain 1984;McClure 1989;Lazzari and Cardoso 2011). In Colombia, presence of P. boerneri throughout the year is a consequence of tropical environmental conditions, in which the number of generations per year was approximately 3.7.…”

“…Since 1918, reports of Pineus infestations affecting both primary and secondary hosts throughout Europe were documented (Pierce 1918). Pineus species have subsequently spread throughout Africa, North America, South America, Australasia and Asia (Blackman and Eastop 1994;FAO 2007;Lazzari and Cardoso 2011) and species such as P. pini and P. boerneri have been reported as serious pests of Pinus, including Pinus mugo and P. sylvestris in Europe (Blackman and Eastop 1994;Soria et al 1996), Pinus patula and P. elliottii in Tanzania (Petro and Madoffe 2011), and Pinus kesiya in Malawi (Chilima and Leather 2001). Symptoms of infestation include defoliation and, in extreme cases, dieback and tree death (Chilima and Leather 2001).…”

A review of the introduced forest pests in Brazil

“…It was found on P. taeda, P. elliottii, and Pinus caribaea Morelet (Lazzari & Cardoso, 2011). The pine wooly aphid is distributed in North America, Europe, New Zealand, Australia, Chile, South Africa, Malaysia, Taiwan, Kenya, Malawi, and Pakistan (Blackman & Eastop, 1994), infesting over 40 species of Pinus.…”

LIFE AND FERTILITY TABLES OF Pineus boerneri ANNAND (HEMIPTERA: ADELGIDAE) ON Pinus spp. (PINACEAE)

“…The parthenogenetic oviparous female is the only known adult form in most parts of the world; it is apterous, sessile, and stays over the egg mass covered with wax threads secreted by glands in the head and thorax (MCCLURE, 1989;BLACKMAN;EASTOP, 1994;CARDOSO, 2011;RODAS et al, 2015). McClure (1989) registered four nymphal instars for P. boerneri in the United States, while Yassen and Ghani (1971) found only three instars in Pakistan.…”