Impact of a gall midge Parkiamyia paraensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on the Amazonian plant Parkia pendula (Fabaceae)

Fernándes, G. Wilson; Santos, Jean Carlos; Castro, Fabiana Marize C.; Castilho, Alexandre

doi:10.1590/s0085-56262007000400011

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this context, more developed and complex plants have a greater availability of meristem sites, which favor their colonization by endophytic herbivores (Larson & Whitham 1997, Esp ırito-Santo et al 2007). This contrasts with the situation found in some tree species, where the presence of these gallinducing insects may reduce the development and hence structural complexity of the host plant considerably (Teas & Mcewan 1982, Gonc ßalves-Alvim et al 1999, Fernandes et al 2007, Pincebourde & Casas 2015. Although A. germinans presented a high incidence of galls, the trees in all study sites were well developed, indicating that this parasitism does not affect the development or survival of the species.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

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Linking Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae) architecture to gall richness and abundance in Brazilian Amazon mangroves

2017

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The diversity and abundance of gall‐inducing organisms are directly proportional to the structural complexity of the host plant. This hypothesis is controversial for forest environments, such as mangroves. Avicennia germinans (L.), a principal mangrove tree species found in the Neotropical region, is considered to be a superhost for gall‐inducing insects. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) based on the analysis of 1000 apical branches from 50 A. germinans trees, we examined the diversity and abundance of gall morphotypes (GM), together with the structural attributes of replanted 5‐ to 9‐year‐old mangroves, in the Amazon coast of Brazil. A total of 7602 galls were registered, averaging 1.3 ± 0.4 galls per leaf. Sixteen of the 22 morphotypes identified were found at all study sites. Two gall morphotypes (GM7 and GM4) were the most abundant, representing approximately 40 percent of the total. The structural complexity of the plant (mainly based on the number of leaves) directly affected the abundance and diversity of these organisms. While A. germinans is a superhost, this type of parasitism did not affect plant development or survival. The ample distribution of A. germinans, the formation of monospecific forests, and the high palatability of this plant make it an essential resource for the survival of the gall‐inducing guild in the mangroves of the Neotropics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…, Fernandes et al . , Pincebourde & Casas ). Although A. germinans presented a high incidence of galls, the trees in all study sites were well developed, indicating that this parasitism does not affect the development or survival of the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Linking Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae) architecture to gall richness and abundance in Brazilian Amazon mangroves

2017

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“…There is evidence that, under controlled conditions, plants are able to recover from galling insect attacks if sufficient resources are available, but there is no evidence that plants display this kind of compensatory response in field conditions when they are experiencing more stressful conditions [78]. Importantly, ecophysiological impact on galled plants is typically observed early on the galling process [31,79,80]. As the plant matures and grows larger, the sink-source relationship and impact on the host plant may diminish or reach an equilibrium point [81][82][83].…”

Section: Leaf Physiological Responses To Gallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of galling on a given plant seems to be an important factor in determining impact. For example, higher densities of galls were found to have greater impact on plant growth [31,32]. A study with Alnus glutinosa showed that heavily infested gall shoots had significantly smaller final leaf areas [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Galls on Sympatric California Oaks: Ecological and Physiological Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Galls are abnormal outgrowths on the external tissues of plants caused by a restricted group of organisms. In this study, we surveyed the incidence and diversity of galling structures in sympatric oak species of a biological preserve (Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, NC, USA). We also measured different physiological parameters (SLA-specific leaf area, chlorophyll, nitrogen, flavonol, anthocyanin, and water content) in galled and ungalled leaves on the same individuals of the most abundant oak species (Quercus agrifolia, Q. lobata, and Q. douglasii). Overall, Q. lobata showed the highest gall incidence, with 64.5% of the sampled leaves affected by galls, followed by Q. douglasii, Q. agrifolia, Q. durata, and Q. kelloggii. The proportion of stems with galls was considerably lower than for leaves in all oak species, ranging from 0% incidence in Q. kelloggii to 27.4% in Q. lobata. The highly schlerophyllous Q. agrifolia supported the most diverse galling community at Jasper Ridge, with ten species, mostly belonging to the Cynipidae family. Our results show that leaf galling had no significant impact on the studied ecophysiological variables. The lack of differences between galled and ungalled leaves under controlled conditions (same tree and position in the tree) suggests that the ecophysiological variables measured are not significantly affected by galling agents or that our data collected for fully-developed galls (end of summer) are not sensitive enough to detect differences. However, there were some trends in plant responses to galling. Changes in galled vs. ungalled leaves were greater in flavonols, followed by chlorophyll, nitrogen, anthocyanin, SLA, and water content, indicating a nutrient deficiency in the plant nutrients. Our findings underscore the complexity of the gall-plant interaction and suggest some promising lines of future research.

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“…Gallers may change the architecture of the infested plants at the attacked point as well as the whole organ or plant levels (Mani 1964;Silva et al 1996). Some gall-formers can considerably reduce seed production or reproductive performance of the plants, and therefore may serve as biological control agents (Fernandes et al 2007;Harris and Shorthouse 1996;Sopow et al 2003). On the other hand, gall-formers may enhance assimilation activity (Dorchin et al 2006) and compensatory growth of the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of tree architecture by a gall-forming aphid

Kurzfeld-Zexer

Wool

Inbar

2009

Trees

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Herbivory may substantially alter the architectural structure of plants. Among insects, gall-formers that substantially manipulate host traits may have a profound effect on the plants even at low densities. The aphid, Baizongia pistaciae induces banana-like large galls on the terminal buds of Pistacia palaestina. We hypothesized that these large galls are associated with the shape of the plant which may grow as a tree or a bush. In the natural Mediterranean forest, we monitored the effects of the galls on infested branches. In the year of gall formation, usually (*95%) there is neither elongation nor branching beyond the position of the gall. However, in the following years, galled branches produced more lateral branches (branching) than ungalled branches. This effect persists for at least 2 years. Consequently, galled branches carried more leaves and tended to gain more biomass than ungalled branches. Galling did not affect fruit yield. We suggest that repeated galling by B. pistaciae may promote bush-like architecture in P. palaestina.

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Impact of a gall midge Parkiamyia paraensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on the Amazonian plant Parkia pendula (Fabaceae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Linking Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae) architecture to gall richness and abundance in Brazilian Amazon mangroves

Linking Avicennia germinans (Acanthaceae) architecture to gall richness and abundance in Brazilian Amazon mangroves

Incidence of Galls on Sympatric California Oaks: Ecological and Physiological Perspectives

Modification of tree architecture by a gall-forming aphid

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