Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Medeiros, Lenice; Boligon, Danessa Schardong

doi:10.1590/s0085-56262007000200011

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There are few examples of insects overcoming trichome defenses. The morphometrically-modiÞed tarsunguli of some Cassidine larvae allow them to avoid the stellate and glandular trichomes of Solanum guaraniticum Hassl with relative ease (Medeiros and Boligon 2007). The specialist herbivore Heliconius charithonia (L.) has behaviorally adapted to cope with the hooked trichomes of its host Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch by freeing itself from them through physical force, through silken mats spun over the hairs, or by eating them (Cardoso 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding by Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Phyllotreta spp.) Is Decreased on Canola (Brassica napus) Seedlings With Increased Trichome Density

et al. 2011

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Laboratory and Þeld studies were undertaken to determine the effects of increased numbers of trichomes on seedling stems, petioles, and Þrst true leaves of Brassica napus L., canola, on the feeding and behavior of the crucifer ßea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seedlings of ÔWestarÕ canola with genes inserted from Arabidopsis thaliana L. for increased trichome production, called Hairy1, were tested against Westar seedlings in no-choice and choice laboratory tests, and against parental plants and other cultivars grown from seed with and without insecticide in Þeld trials at Saskatoon and Lethbridge, Canada. Analyses of prefeeding and feeding behavior in no-choice tests of Þrst true leaves found that ßea beetles interacted with their host while off Hairy1 leaves more so than beetles presented with leaves of Westar. Beetles required twice as much time to reach satiation when feeding on leaves with increased pubescence than on Westar leaves. In laboratory choice tests, ßea beetles fed more on cotyledons and second true leaves of Westar than on comparable tissues of the transgenic line. In Þeld trials, variations in feeding patterns were seen over time on cotyledons of the line with elevated trichomes. However, all four young true leaves of Hairy1 seedlings were fed upon less than were the parental lines. Feeding on Hairy1 plants frequently occurred at levels equal to or less than on cultivars grown from insecticide-treated seed. This study highlights the Þrst host plant resistance trait developed in canola, dense pubescence, with a strong potential to deter feeding by crucifer ßea beetles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding by Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Phyllotreta spp.) Is Decreased on Canola (Brassica napus) Seedlings With Increased Trichome Density

et al. 2011

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“…As observed by Medeiros & Boligon (2007) the kind of movement of the larvae on the leaf surface is related especially to the tarsungulus [claw] shape: in G. conformis heavily sclerotized, hook-like and with a sharp tip in continuation with distal edge of the tibia. The hook aperture increases from basal to distal end.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hill & Hulley (1995) presented the biology of G. spadicea. Medeiros & Boligon (2007) studied the adaptations of G. conformis (Boheman, 1854) and G. graminea (Klug, 1829) to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, on Solanum guaraniticum Hassl.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immatures of Gratiana conformis (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)

Casari

Teixeira²

2010

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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ABSTRACT. Immatures of Gratiana conformis (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). Egg cases and larvae of Gratiana conformis (Boheman, 1854) were collected on Solanum paniculatum L. and reared in laboratory. Egg case, egg, third instar and mature larvae and pupa are described and illustrated. Biological notes and a comparison with the immatures of other Gratiana species and Charidotis gemellata Boheman, 1855, are also presented.KEYWORDS. Brazil; Charidotis; egg case; exuvio-fecal shield; Solanum. RESUMO. Imaturos de Gratiana conformis (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). Ootecas e larvas de Gratiana conformis (Boheman, 1854) foram coletadas em Solanum paniculatum L. e criadas em laboratório. Ooteca, ovo, larva de terceiro instar, larva madura e pupa são descritas e ilustradas. Dados biológicos e comparação dos imaturos com outras espécies de Gratiana e Charidotis gemellata Boheman, 1855, também são apresentados.

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“…However this alone cannot be considered a key characteristic given that larvae in general are known to weave in order to create a stable surface on which to crawl (Alexander 1961, Craig 1997, Sugiura & Yamazaki 2006. Quite possibly, morphology (eg Medeiros & Moreira 2002, Medeiros & Bolignon 2007) may be an important component of the suite that enables H. charithonia to handle the plant's trichomes. For example, I noticed that crawling larva of H. charithonia can actually pull their legs from the hold of the trichome hook, something that larvae of D. julia and A. vanillae larvae were also capable of doing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore handling of a Plants trichome: the case of Heliconius charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch. (Passifloraceae)

Cardoso¹

2008

Neotrop. entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 37(3): 247-252 (2008) Interação Herbívoro-Tricoma: o Caso de Heliconius charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) e Passifl ora lobata (Killip) Hutch. (Passifl oraceae) RESUMO -Apesar de as evidências mostrarem que herbívoros são negativamente afetados pelos tricomas, há também relatos de contra-adaptações que sobrepujam as defesas das plantas. Este estudo busca os prováveis mecanismos usados pelas larvas da borboleta ninfalídea Heliconius charithonia (L.) que permitem que elas se alimentem de uma planta hospedeira que é, presumivelmente, protegida por tricomas uncinados (curvados) (Passifl ora lobata (Killip) Hutch.). Para isso realizou-se observação direta de movimento e comportamento da larva, análise de fezes, microscopia eletrônica de varredura da superfície foliar e análise experimental do movimento de larvas em plantas com e sem tricomas (removidos manualmente). O experimento foi feito comparando o comportamento dessas larvas com o de larvas de um não-especialista, Heliconius pachinus Salvin. As larvas de H. charithonia são capazes de se desvencilhar do aprisionamento pelos tricomas usando força física. Além disso, ao movimentar-se, a larva espalha fi os de seda sobre os tricomas e retira suas pontas com as mandíbulas. De fato, pontas de tricoma foram encontradas nas fezes das larvas. A remoção experimental dos tricomas auxiliou o movimento da larva não-especialista, mas não teve efeitos notáveis sobre a larva especialista. Os resultados confi rmam que os tricomas são capazes de deter um herbívoro não especializado (H. pachinus). Os exatos mecanismos responsáveis pelo sucesso de H. charithonia ainda são desconhecidos, mas sugere-se que a combinação de mecanismos comportamentais e de resistência física estejam envolvidos e estudos futuros necessitam verifi car a possibilidade de resistência física no tegumento das larvas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Herbivoria, defesa mecânica, interação inseto-plantaABSTRACT -Trichomes reduce herbivore attack on plants by physically and/or chemically inhibiting movement or other activities. Despite evidence that herbivores are negatively affected by trichomes there also reports of insect counter-adaptations that circumvent the plant's defense. This paper reports on a study that investigated the likely mechanisms employed by larvae of the nymphalid butterfl y, Heliconius charithonia (L.), that allow it to feed on a host that is presumably protected by hooked trichomes (Passifl ora lobata (Killip) Hutch). Evidence were gathered using data from direct observations of larval movement and behavior, faeces analysis, scanning electron microscopy of plant surface and experimental analysis of larval movement on plants with and without trichomes (manually removed). The latter involved a comparison with a non specialist congener, Heliconius pachinus Salvin. Observations showed that H. charithonia larvae are capable of freeing themselves from entrapment on trichome tips by physical force. Moreover, wandering larvae lay silk mats on the trichomes and remove their tips ...

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Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Feeding by Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Phyllotreta spp.) Is Decreased on Canola (Brassica napus) Seedlings With Increased Trichome Density

Feeding by Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Phyllotreta spp.) Is Decreased on Canola (Brassica napus) Seedlings With Increased Trichome Density

Immatures of Gratiana conformis (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)

Herbivore handling of a Plants trichome: the case of Heliconius charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch. (Passifloraceae)

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Adaptations of two specialist herbivores to movement on the hairy leaf surface of their host, Solanum guaraniticum Hassl (Solanaceae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Feeding by Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Phyllotreta spp.) Is Decreased on Canola (Brassica napus) Seedlings With Increased Trichome Density

Feeding by Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Phyllotreta spp.) Is Decreased on Canola (Brassica napus) Seedlings With Increased Trichome Density

Immatures of Gratiana conformis (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)

Herbivore handling of a Plants trichome: the case of Heliconius charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch. (Passifloraceae)

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Herbivore handling of a Plants trichome: the case of Heliconius charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch. (Passifloraceae)