Levantamento das espécies de Simulium (Diptera, Simuliidae), Riacho dos Padres, município de Almirante Tamandaré, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Survey of the Simulium species (Diptera, Simuliidae), Riacho dos Padres, Almirante Tamandaré municipality, Paraná, Brazil. From January to August 2002, collections of simuliid larvae, both in natural and anthropic substrates, were carried out biweekly in Riacho dos Padres. This study provides a local inventory of species and their relative frequencies. The area is a private property located in the Curitiba metropolitan area, and it is dedicated mainly to farming fish, rabbits, sheep, cattle, poultry and also featuring recreational activities for visitors such as horse back riding. The constant presence of vertebrate hosts and food given to the fish provided a constant supply of food resources, thus leading to a local explosion of this insect nuisance. A total of 24,021 pupae and 197,812 larvae were collected on all kinds of substrate. From the pupae, the following species and respective frequencies were identified: Simulium inaequale (55.24%), Simulium perflavum (16.81%), Simulium pertinax (13.93%), Simulium orbitale (8.03%), Simulium subnigrum (4.92%), Simulium distinctum (1.03%) and Simulium incrustatum (0.04%). The total number of larvae colonizing all substrates was also computed. KEYWORDS. Breeding ground;Simulium; species frequency; stream. RESUMO.De janeiro a agosto de 2002, quinzenalmente, foi levada a efeito a coleta de simulídeos imaturos em substratos naturais e antrópicos no Riacho dos Padres. O trabalho visou proceder ao inventário das espécies e verificar as freqüências relativas. A área de propriedade particular localizada na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba constitui uma microempresa de agronegócio, com criação de peixes, coelhos, ovinos, bovinos, aves domésticas e, ainda, área de lazer com eqüinos para cavalgada de visitantes. A presença constante de animais hospedeiros e a ração fornecida aos peixes garantiram farta alimentação aos simulídeos, o que favoreceu a explosão desta praga. Em todos os substratos foram coletadas 24.021 pupas e um total de 197.812 larvas. A partir de pupas, foram identificadas com as seguintes freqüências: Simulium inaequale (55,24%), Simulium perflavum (16,81%), Simulium pertinax (13,93%), Simulium orbitale (8,03%), Simulium subnigrum (4,92%), Simulium distinctum (1,03%) e Simulium incrustatum (0,04%). Verificou-se também a quantidade de larvas que colonizaram todos os substratos.

Spatio-temporal distribution of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of a sub-basin of the Uruguay river basin, southern Brazil

“…The simuliid richness observed in the Comandaí river subbasin represents 39.28% of all the reported species for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and 6.79% of the total sampled species current reported for Brazil (Adler 2021). From the eleven sampled species in this study, S. pertinax (77.55%) showed the highest abundance and frequency of occurrence, a similar result was observed in other studies carried out in several other watersheds from Rio Grande do Sul (strieder 2004;strieder et al 2006;sAntos et al 2007;BertAzo et al 2013;CouCeiro et al 2014;menzel et al 2019), as well as in other Brazilian states (CunHA 2004;lozovei et al 2004;Coppo & lopes 2010;ArAndA 2017;Figueiró et al 2020). This species adapts easily to different micro-habitats, and currently occurs in 17 of the 27 Brazilian states, in addition to other South American countries such as Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay (Adler 2020).…”

Eggs fertility and biological aspects of the life cycle in natural populations of Simulium (Diptera, Simuliidae)

“…Recent literature indicated seven species breeding in the same location of the present research (Lozovei et al, 2004). In descending order of prevalence, the species were S. inaequale (34.91%), S. pertinax (19.74%), S. orbitale (18.75%), S. perflavum (14.85%), S. subnigrum (9.84%), S. distinctum (1.68%) and S. incrustatum (0.23%).…”

“…Moreover, several species can share the same breeding site, with each one presenting a different life cycle duration and oviposition preference to a specific substrate. Recent work carried out in the same location of this study revealed the presence of seven species breeding in the "Riacho dos Padres" river closed to Almirante Tamandaré town (Lozovei et al, 2004 Lutz, 1910. The aim of the present work was to better understand egg fertility and aspects related to the life cycle of immature stages of Simulium spp from egg to adult.…”

“…The literature showed S. decorum with 50 to 60% in fertility (Simmons and Edman, 1981), S. bidentatum 61.40% (Hadi and Takaoka, 1995), S. ochraceum 72.3% (Baba et al,1988), S. damnosum 51 to 86% (Wilson et al, 2000), and S. pertinax 30% (Pegoraro, 1993). The high egg fertility rate could in part explain the reason why the frequency of Simulium spp through calendar year 2002-2003 in "Riacho dos Padres" river was that intense (Lozovei et al, 2004). The length of time between egg and adult emergence was mainly given by the duration of larval stage that was 22 to 39 days.…”

Larval development of Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax (Diptera: Simuliidae) in an artificial breeding site

“…Simulídeos são insetos holometábo-los, e suas larvas são filtradores não seletivos, ingerindo partículas inferiores a 100 μm, característica que as torna o principal alvo para atividades de controle, uma vez que as pupas não se alimentam e os alados apresentam maior dispersão, características que dificultam a formulação de estraté-gias eficazes de controle com inseticidas (Cunha, 2004). Desta forma, várias investigações sobre aspectos bioecológicos da fase larval deste díptero têm sido realizadas (Zhang, 2000;Lozovei et al, 2004;Silva et al, 2009) …”