Problemas posturais X mobiliário: uma investigação ergonômica junto aos usuários de microcomputadores de uma escola de enfermagem

Abstract

The computer usage has become essential nowadays and the Nursing staff meeting this technological improvement has been assimilating it in practice, which is started in Graduation course. As users of the computer division from a Nursing School we have observed students' complaints related to adequacy of the furniture used, then, we were interested in developing this research which has as object to analyze the furniture from the computer division according to the ergonomic recommendations and identify body posture adopted by the students in typing activity. The procedures used were performed in three stages, which were: free supervision of environment and furniture measure, surveillance of body posture and interviews. The results pointed out that the furniture is inappropriate referring to: fixed counter without foot support, without document case; chairs are not regulative, back support width out of recommended standards, there are no armrest and wheels, there are only four legs and the covering is slimy and stiff. Only in 18.6% of the observation period the students adopted to perfect posture in typing activity, that is, upright spinal column, elbows at the same level of the counter, deflected legs and supported feet. It is suggested that the workplace be planned for typing from known facts related to anthropometric dimension of the users and use of proper furniture in order to obtain a concordant set among furniture, milieu and user providing comfort and avoiding health problems.

Prolonged sitting and physical discomfort in university students

“…Many students complain of pain after sitting for long periods. 16,17 It is necessary to understand the relationship between prolonged sitting and the presence of discomfort/pain in university students in order to acquire subsidies for the development of physiotherapeutic interventions that allow the adaptation of the furniture used by these individuals, as well as for a proposal for behavioral modifications. 18…”

Analysis of the suitability of furniture university - anthropometric characteristics of user

“…The continuous measurement of anthropometric measurements of a given population is important for both the design and product development, how to define the profile of the population that will benefit [4] . These measures vary in the biotype, sex and age, which are individual and the physical origin, ethnicity and age which are aspects of population…”

A evolução do homem e a postura sentada: bases para o fisioterapeuta

“…O aumento da pressão intradiscal pode chegar a mais de 70%, caso o indivíduo sentado realize posturas incorretas por longos períodos, tais como flexão anterior do tronco, falta de apoio lombar e de antebraço, o que pode ocasionar desconfortos gerais e, principalmente, processos degenerativos do sistema musculoesquelético 26,27,31 . Essa postura pode causar uma diminuição do retorno venoso dos membros inferiores, gerando edema nos pés e tornozelos, além de desconfortos na região do pescoço e membros superiores 31,33 .…”

“…Na posição sentada, o corpo se apoia sobre o assento por meio das tuberosidades isquiáticas que são cobertas por uma camada fina de tecido muscular. Essa região apresenta área de 25 cm 2 que suporta 75% do peso corporal, gerando grande pressão nesse local, podendo causar fadiga e desconforto 22,25,27,31,33 . Nos artigos analisados, houve variações em relação à postura sentada dita ideal.…”

“…Esse autor refere que o mobiliário precisa ser adequado ergonomicamente para a prevenção de posturas incorretas e consequente evolução para deformidades. No entanto, pesquisas revelam que mesmo utilizando cadeiras nos padrões ideais, existe um alto grau de desconforto referido por seus usuários 28,33 .…”