Enhanced T cell activation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria-infected human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients from Mozambique

Chavale, Helena; Santos-Oliveira, Joanna Reis; Da‐Cruz, Alda Maria; Enosse, Sónia

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762012000800004

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…In our analysis, we found no correlation between CD4 + T-cells and the amount of parasites in these patients. A previous study done by Chavale et al [24] showed that patients co-infected with HIV- 1 142 180 200 217 221 243 243 282 311 321 323 327 341 379 399 414 421 423 429 454 454 480 529 542 554 599 855 921 CD4+ T-cell count in the P. falciparum/HIV (Pf/HIV) co-infected patients, which indicates a correlation between CD4 + T-cell count and parasitemia. This finding does not agree with our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Co-Endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-Infections in Treated Patients is Uncorrelated in Benin City, Nigeria

Akinbo¹

2013

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria are two of the world's most formidable pathogens. Coinfection has been shown to amplify the effects of both diseases with HIV infection enhancing the severity of malaria. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that individuals infected with malaria and HIV who are taking anti-retrovirals have the Plasmodium parasite in their bloodstream suggesting that the lack of anti-malarials in their drug regimen resulted in Plasmodium infection. In this study, we set out to determine the status of Plasmodium infection in a cohort of patients taking both anti-malarial and anti-retroviral drugs. Blood samples were collected from patients of the Edo district of Nigeria in Benin City co-infected with Plasmodium and HIV. We have found that 31 out of the 317 (9.78%) HIV patients on HAART and ACT had Plasmodium in their blood based on microscopic counts. Surprisingly, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the prevalence was at 25.6% for Plasmodium. In addition, we have identified by PCR that Plasmodium falciparum is the only species infecting these patients. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found to exist between CD4 + T-cell counts and malarial infections (CD4 count<200 cells/µL (7.20%)) nor was the malaria parasite density significantly associated with CD4 count<200 cells/µL (P=0.595) in this study population in Benin City, Nigeria. These results suggest that other factors are involved in this complex interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Co-Endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-Infections in Treated Patients is Uncorrelated in Benin City, Nigeria

Akinbo¹

2013

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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“…HIV and malaria both destroy important cells required for proper immunological and hematological functioning of the body [18]. Enhanced T-cell activation in HIV and malaria co-infected patients could worsen the immune response to both diseases [19]. Non-immune HIV-infected patients are significantly more likely to have severe malaria than non-immune non-HIV-infected patients with odds ratio, 4.15 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–10.97; p = 0.003) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria co-infection may present worse health outcomes in the tropics. Information on HIV/malaria co-infection effect on immune-hematological profiles is critical for patient care and there is a paucity of such data in Nigeria.ObjectiveTo evaluate immune-hematological profiles among HIV infected patients compared to HIV/malaria co-infected for ART management improvement.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano. A total of 761 consenting adults attending ART clinic were randomly selected and recruited between June and December 2015. Participants’ characteristics and clinical details including two previous CD4 counts were collected. Venous blood sample (4ml) was collected in EDTA tube for malaria parasite diagnosis by rapid test and confirmed with microscopy. Hematological profiles were analyzed by Sysmex XP-300 and CD4 count by Cyflow cytometry. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using Chi-Square test for association between HIV/malaria parasites co-infection with age groups, gender, ART, cotrimoxazole and usage of treated bed nets. Mean hematological profiles by HIV/malaria co-infection and HIV only were compared using independent t-test and mean CD4 count tested by mixed design repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical significant difference at probability of <0.05 was considered for all variables.ResultsOf the 761 HIV infected, 64% were females, with a mean age of ± (SD) 37.30 (10.4) years. Prevalence of HIV/malaria co-infection was 27.7% with Plasmodium falciparum specie accounting for 99.1%. No statistical significant difference was observed between HIV/malaria co-infection in association to age (p = 0.498) and gender (p = 0.789). A significantly (p = 0.026) higher prevalence (35.2%) of co-infection was observed among non-ART patients compared to (26%) ART patients. Prevalence of co-infection was significantly lower (20.0%) among cotrimoxazole users compared to those not on cotrimoxazole (37%). The same significantly lower co-infection prevalence (22.5%) was observed among treated bed net users compared to those not using treated bed nets (42.9%) (p = 0.001). Out of 16 hematology profiles evaluated, six showed significant difference between the two groups (i) packed cell volume (p = <0.001), (ii) mean cell volume (p = 0.005), (iii) mean cell hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.011), (iv) absolute lymphocyte count (p = 0.022), (v) neutrophil percentage count (p = 0.020) and (vi) platelets distribution width (p = <0.001). Current mean CD4 count cell/μl (349±12) was significantly higher in HIV infected only compared to co-infected (306±17), (p = 0.035). A significantly lower mean CD4 count (234.6 ± 6.9) was observed among respondents on ART compared to non-ART (372.5 ± 13.2), p<0.001, mean difference = -137.9).ConclusionThe study revealed a high burden of HIV and malaria co-infection among the studied population. Co-infection was significantly lower among patients who use treated bed nets as well as cotrimoxazole chemotherapy and...

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“…Despite the low number of cases, HIV co-infection seems to act as a booster for the clinical worsening of vivax malaria, as it has a higher prevalence than that found in vivax malaria mono-infection patients treated at FMT-HVD (approximately 14%) 78 . Some studies have shown that the risk of malaria severity increases in HIV patients with a CD4 + T cell count < 200 × 10 6 cells/L or < 350 cells/µl 75,14 . In this study,42.1% of patients with malaria infection had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/µl, and one of them had severe malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should We Care About Plasmodium Vivax and HIV Coinfection? A Systematic Review and a Cases Series From the Brazilian Amazon

Del-Tejo

Cubas-Vega

Caraballo-Guerra

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. Malaria and HIV are two important public health issues. However, data on HIV-Plasmodium vivax co-infection (HIV/PvCo) is scarce, with most of the available data related to P. falciparum in the African region. It is unclear whether HIV can change the clinical course of Plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria, and thereby increase the risk of complications. In this study, a systematic review of the HIV/PvCo is presented, including new cases from the Brazilian Amazon. Methods. Medical records from a tertiary care center in the Western Brazilian Amazon (2009 to 2018) were reviewed to identify HIV/PvCo hospitalized patients. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and outcomes are reported. We also performed a systematic review of published studies on HIV/PvCo. Metadata, number of HIV/PvCo cases, demographic, clinical, and outcome data were extracted if available. Results. A total of 1048 vivax malaria patients were hospitalized in the 10-year period; 21 (2.0%) were HIV/PvCo cases, of which nine (42.9%) had AIDS-defining illnesses. For eleven (52.4%) patients, this was their first malaria infection. Seven (33.3%) patients were unaware of their HIV status and were diagnosed at hospitalization. Severe malaria criteria were found in 5 (23.8%) patients. One patient died. The systematic review provided 17 articles (12 cross-sectional or longitudinal studies and 5 case report studies). A higher prevalence of studies involved cases in African and Asian countries (35.3% and 29.4%, respectively), and the prevalence of reported co-infections ranged from 0.1 to 60%. Cases of severe malaria-HIV coinfection were not reported. Conclusion. Reports of HIV/PvCo are scarce in the literature, with only a few studies describing clinical and laboratory outcomes. Systematic screening for both co-infections are not performed, and therefore, a realistic prevalence of HIV/PvCo is absent. This study showed a low prevalence of HIV/PvCo, despite local malaria and HIV high prevalence. Even though relatively small, this is the largest case series to describe HIV/PvCo.

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Enhanced T cell activation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria-infected human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients from Mozambique

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Co-Endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-Infections in Treated Patients is Uncorrelated in Benin City, Nigeria

Co-Endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-Infections in Treated Patients is Uncorrelated in Benin City, Nigeria

Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria

Should We Care About Plasmodium Vivax and HIV Coinfection? A Systematic Review and a Cases Series From the Brazilian Amazon

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