Genetic diversity of noroviruses in Brazil

Abstract

GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.16 and GII.17, demonstrating

Noroviruses associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2004–2011

“…In this study, genotype GII.6 was the second-most frequently detected, corroborating data of its prevalence in the country [11][12][13], and GII.12, 17, and 21 have also been described recently in the country [11,26]. Outbreaks caused by other genotypes of NoV GII are also described although in lower frequency [28,29].…”

“…Samples characterized as GII.4 were processed with primers for amplification of the region P2 (hypervariable region of VP1) [22]. Amplicon purification, nucleotide sequencing, edition, alignment, and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences were performed according to a previous study [11]. The statistical significance of phylogenetic trees obtained was estimated using 2000 bootstrap replications.…”

“…The rapid evolution and spread of these viruses require frequent studies to determine http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.024 1386-6532/© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and geographical distribution, in order to establish measures to prevent AG outbreaks and provide data that could contribute to the development of an effective vaccine for the control of AG [9][10][11].…”

“…In Brazil, despite studies conducted in different regions demonstrating the high prevalence and diversity of NoVs circulating in the country, there is still no active laboratory surveillance network for the diagnosis of these viruses [11][12][13][14]. In Southern Brazil, only one study has reported NoV GII in Porto Alegre city [15], despite the several AG outbreaks with no etiologic defined whose initial investigation has focused on group A rotavirus (RVA).…”

Quantitative and molecular analysis of noroviruses RNA in blood from children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil

“…Two strains detected in stool samples without viremia were classified as GII.7. This genotype was previously detected in others Brazilian's states in 2005 [32,33]. The two NoVs strains sequenced from sera matched 100%, at nt level, with their respective sequences obtained from faecal samples, corroborating results previously found.…”