The role of population movement in the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in Brazil: a preliminary typology of population movement

Lima

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

et al. 2016

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease with a worldwide prevalence. The objective of this work is to identify risk areas for schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, during the period from 2005 to 2014. Methods: We conducted an epidemiological study with secondary data from the Information System Control Program of Schistosomiasis [Sistema de Informação do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE)]. Temporal trends were analyzed to obtain the annual percentage change (APC) in the rates of annual prevalence. In addition to the description of general indicators of the disease, the spatial analysis was descriptive, by means of the estimator of intensity kernel, and showed spatial dependence by indicators of global Moran (I) and Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA). Thematic maps of spatial distribution were made, identifying priority intervention areas in need of healthcare. Results: There were 78,663 cases of schistosomiasis, with an average of 8.7% positivity recorded; 79.8% of the cases were treated, and Sergipe showed a decreasing positive trend (APC: -2.78). There was the presence of spatial autocorrelation and a significant global Moran index (I = 0.19; p-value = 0.03). We identified clusters of highrisk areas, mainly located in the northeast and southcentral of the state, which each had equally high infection rates. Conclusions: There was a decreasing positive trend of schistosomiasis in Sergipe. Spatial analysis identified the geographic distribution of risk and allowed the definition of priority areas for the maintenance and intensification of control interventions.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis for the identification of risk areas for schistosomiasis mansoni in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, 2005-2014

Lima

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

et al. 2016

“…Migration has been identified as one of the social determinants that can influence health and risk for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) 1,2 , and is considered a possible factor in leprosy susceptibility and distribution in Brazil 3,4 . Other neglected diseases have also been associated with population movement, including leishmaniasis 5,6 schistosomiasis 7,8,9 , and Chagas disease 10 . Migration can increase the risk of NTD transmission and susceptibility, as non-immune migrants move into areas of NTD endemicity, and infected migrants may return to non-endemic areas through circular migration or permanent movement 5,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration among individuals with leprosy: a population-based study in Central Brazil

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

“…However, the disease has been increasing with expansion in urbanization. This increase in prevalence is due to migration of people, in addition to population growth to live in areas without basic sanitation, where there are natural water-courses that are natural breeding sites of the planorbid snails involved in the disease transmission cycle 29,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of schistosomiasis in an area directly affected by the São Francisco River large-scale water transposition project in the Northeast of Brazil

Filho

Pinheiro

Sousa

et al. 2017

Introduction: The development of the São Francisco River Integration Project [Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco (PISF)] in the State of Ceará, Brazil, has resulted in environmental and socioeconomic changes with potential risks to public health. We aimed to determine the presence of Schistosoma mansoni infections in schoolchildren (aged 7-14 years) and workers from the construction site in an area under the direct influence of the PISF in the municipality of Brejo Santo-CE, to aid in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using two S. mansoni-detection methods: detection of S. mansoni eggs by the Kato-Katz parasitological method in stool samples (assessed in triplicate for each sample) and S. mansoni circulating cathodic antigen by the point-of-care immunochromatographic rapid test (POC-CCA) in urine. Results: In general, the positivity rates for S. mansoni detection were 1.9% (2/106) among schoolchildren and 2.9% (4/138) among workers. No child had evidence of S. mansoni eggs in their stools; 1.9% tested positive by the POC-CCA method. Among workers, two (1.4%) tested positive by the Kato-Katz test and three (2.2%) by the POC-CCA test. If the POC-CCA test results that were scored as traces were considered negative, then the positivity rates dropped to 0.9% and 0.7% for schoolchildren and workers, respectively. Conclusions: The active transmission of schistosomiasis in a region covered by the PISF was recognized, reinforcing the necessity to consolidate surveillance and control actions, as well as structural sanitation measures to reverse the social determinants of the disease.