Seric chemokines and chemokine receptors in eosinophils during acute human schistosomiasis mansoni

Abstract

The recruitment of circulating eosinophils by chemokines and chemokine receptors plays an important role in the inflammation process in acute human schistosomiasis. Our main focus has been on the plasma chemokines (CXCL8/CCL2/CCL3/CCL24) and chemokine receptors (CCR2/CCR3/CCR5/CXCR1/CXCR2/CXCR3/CXCR4) expressed by circulating eosinophils from acute Schistosoma mansoni infected patients (ACT). Our studies compared ACT patients and healthy individuals as a control group. Our major findings demonstrated a plethora of chemokine secretion with significantly increased secretion of all chemokines analysed in the ACT group. Although no differences were detected for beta-chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5) or alpha-chemokine receptors (CXCR3 and CXCR4), a significantly lower frequency of CXCR1+ and CXCR2+ eosinophils in the ACT group was observed. The association between chemokines and their chemokine receptors revealed that acutely infected schistosome patients displaying decreased plasma levels of CCL24 are the same patients who presented enhanced secretion of CCL3, as well as increased expression of both the CCR5 and CXCR3 chemokine receptors. These findings suggest that CCL24 may influence the kinetics of chemokines and their receptors and eosinophils recruitment during human acute schistosomiasis mansoni

Differential Expression of Chemokine and Matrix Re-Modelling Genes Is Associated with Contrasting Schistosome-Induced Hepatopathology in Murine Models

“…Expression of CCL24 , a chemokine that induces chemotaxis in eosinophils [30], differed significantly between BALB/c and CBA mice (Table 1) (2-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). CCL24 was significantly up-regulated in CBA mice at 4, 7 and 9 weeks p.i.…”

“…It is well documented that eosinophils are intimately involved in inflammatory responses and defence mechanisms against parasites including S. mansoni during granuloma formation [30], [48]. An eosinophilic profile has also been reported in other chronic human liver diseases as well as asthma, atherosclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis, where the eosinophilic chemokine CCL11 (Eotaxin-1) has been implicated in pathogenesis [49], [50], [51].…”

Cytokine and chemokine responses to helminth and protozoan parasites and to fungus and mite allergens in neonates, children, adults, and the elderly

“…Eotaxin-2/CCL24 activates Th2-type cytokines and chemoattracts eosinophil and basophil granulocytes. Elevated Eotaxin-2/CCL24 levels have been found in experimental helminth infections [45] and in acutely infected S. mansoni patients [12,46], and high Eotaxin-2/CCL24 levels were associated with increased liver damage in S. mansoni -infected mice. Following treatment of onchocerciasis patients with ivermectin, Eotaxin-2/CCL24 and MCP-4/CCL13 enhanced suggesting that these chemokines facilitated clearance of O. volvulus microfilariae by monocytes and eosinophil granulocytes [47].…”

Transcriptome profiling of gene expression during immunisation trial against Fasciola hepatica: identification of genes and pathways involved in conferring immunoprotection in a murine model

“…Up regulation of MMP2, MMP3 and MMP8 has been reported in S. mansoni -infected mice but no significant differential expression was observed in MMP9 gene [68]. S. mansoni -infected patients have had low CXCR1 and CXCR2 frequency during the acute phase of the disease but high IL-8 levels in sera [69]. Besides high CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression in our study, we could not provide any evidence of IL-8 in conferring protective immunity; however, it provided a first insight concerning its implication in F. hepatica protection-inducing mechanisms.…”