Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection in two populations from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

We investigated human papillomavirus (HPV)

Prevalence and Determinants of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women with High Socioeconomic Status in Seoul, Republic of Korea

“…To estimate the cost and benefit of implementation of HPV vaccines, knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for high-risk HPV infections is critical. Previous studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of HPV varies according to region and socioeconomic status (SES) Kahn et al, 2007;Bao et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2009). Therefore, the prevalence of HPV according to region and SES are necessary to estimate the impact of implementation of HPV vaccines.…”

Risk factors for cervical cancer among young women

“…Menéndez also highlights more than a threefold increased risk of HPV infection associated with many sexual partners [39]. Other studies also indicate an increased risk of infection from 2 to 8 times in case of multiple sexual partners [14,20,32]. An increased number of sexual partners is also connected with an increased risk of infection by more than one type of HPV.…”

“…Sarian et al provided data that infection caused by high -risk type of HPV occur statistically significantly more frequently in compulsive tobacco smokers (21.7%) compared to non-smokers (16.5%) or former smokers (13.5%) [31]. Silva, after examining nearly 70,000 women aged 14 to 79 years showed that the risk of human papillomavirus infection is twice as high in patients who smoke [32]. Similarly, the two fold increase in risk of HPV infection in the case of nicotine addiction has been reported by Confortini among women aged 18 to 24 [13].…”

“…Some studies show that the very early age of sexual initiation is not an independent risk factor for cervical cancer [14,21] or the risk is slightly elevated (on the border of statistical significance [32]). Most of the work, however, significantly stresses the influence of early initiation of sexual activity with an HPV infection [13,15,17,35].…”

“…Silva points to an increased risk of HPV infection at a similar level as Porras in women taking hormone contraceptives. He also recorded no statistically significant dependence in relation to the use of condoms and their protective action in relation to HPV [32]. Cotton, however, claims that the risk of infection with human papilloma virus is increasing among women using hormonal contraception [33].…”