Toxoplasma gondii: 1908-2008, homage to Nicolle, Manceaux and Splendore

Ferguson, David

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000200003

Cited by 82 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The use of different techniques makes a global comparison of results hazardous if we do not consider their variability of specificity and sensitivity. The dye test has been the first technique, developed in 1948, and the most used (Ferguson 2009). It has proved to be highly specific and sensitive (Dubey 2008) Murphy et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in Rodents: Ecological Survey and First Evidences in Thailand

Jittapalapong

Sarataphan

Maruyama

et al. 2011

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Domestic and wild rodents known as the most abundant and diversified order of mammals have a key role in the ecological food chain and also in the transmission of parasites and pathogens to other animals. While foraging on the ground, they can get infected by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, which is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. Therefore, they serve as intermediate hosts of T. gondii and can transmit it to their predators. To assess their role in the maintenance of T. gondii lifecycle in Thailand, we sampled rodents in a range of biotopes representative of the high biodiversity and conducted a serological survey with latex agglutination test to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies. Overall, 21 of 461 (4.6%) rodents had diagnostically significant antibody titers (cutoff, 1:64). Every species with at least 37 individuals captured tested positive, confirming the wide range of potential mammalian hosts of toxoplasmosis. None of the ecological traits (sex, maturity, morphology, season, or habitat) was found significant to predict the susceptibility to T. gondii both univariately and in a multivariate analysis. However, high prevalences were reported in either forested or anthropized areas. This survey constitutes the first confirmed serological investigation of T. gondii in rodents in Thailand. The rarity of both domestic and wild felids in Thailand emphasizes the importance of rodents in maintaining T. gondii, and questions the involvement of other carnivores in the life cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in Rodents: Ecological Survey and First Evidences in Thailand

Jittapalapong

Sarataphan

Maruyama

et al. 2011

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…The tachyzoites can be found multiplying within mesenteric lymph node cells by day 4 following infection (Dubey, 1984). Toxoplasma is an obligate intracellular parasite and uses a process of endodyogeny to multiply within host cells (Ferguson, 2009). The parasitized cells then rupture releasing tachyzoites that invade other host cells.…”

Section: T H E D I S E a S Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine toxoplasmosis

et al. 2009

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Congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of abortion in sheep worldwide. The cat is the definitive host of the parasite, and infected cats may shed millions of oocysts in their faeces resulting in extensive environmental contamination and an important source of infection for grazing herbivorous animals. Studies looking at development of specific antibodies in sheep, as an indicator of exposure to T. gondii, have shown that there is an increase in seroprevalence associated with age indicating that most infections in sheep occur following birth. The stage of gestation when transplacental transmission of T. gondii to the developing foetus occurs is critical in determining the clinical outcome. The importance of endogenous transplacental transmission in persistently infected ewes and its clinical importance is a subject of current debate. Ewes infected prior to mating develop immune responses that help protect against disease in a subsequent pregnancy and also against experimental challenge administered during pregnancy. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated following T. gondii infection and experiments involving the chronic cannulation of peripheral lymph nodes in sheep have allowed the dynamics of the immune responses to be analysed in real time. A live vaccine, Toxovax is the only commercially available vaccine worldwide to protect against congenital toxoplasmosis.

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“…Humans can be infected mainly through the ingestion of cysts in contaminated food (consumption of undercooked or raw meat) or sporulated oocysts in water (FERGUNSON, 2009). Cats play a fundamental role in spreading this agent because they are the definitive hosts (DUBEY;JONES, 2008;DUBEY, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep from Bahia state, Brazil

Guimarães

Bezerra

Rocha

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and identify risk factors associated with this infection in sheep from the southern region of Bahia state. Between February and December 2010, 795 sheep from 31 farms located in nine municipalities were tested. We found seroprevalence of 30.2% (240/795), with titers of 64 (38.3%), 256 (34.2%), 1,024 (18.3%), and 4,096 (9.2%) by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Seropositive sheep were detected in all farms sampled. Univariate statistical analysis detected association between T. gondii seropositivity and the variables age, use of fresh food mainly, water source, stocking rate, production system, presence and number of cats on the farm, and transit of cats (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression model, transit of cats (p = 0.001), production system (p = 0.007), and age (p = 0.027) were identified as risk factors associated with T. gondii infection.Keywords: Epidemiology, ovine, toxoplasmosis, zoonosis, risk factors. ResumoObjetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção em ovinos no sudeste do Estado da Bahia. De fevereiro a dezembro de 2010, 795 ovinos de 31 propriedades localizadas em nove municípios foram analisados. A soroprevalência foi de 30,2% (240/795), com títulos de 64 (38,3%), 256 (34,2%), 1.024 (18,3%) e 4.096 (9,2%) pela Reação de Imunoflorescência Indireta (RIFI). Ovinos positivos foram detectados em todas as fazendas estudadas. Na análise estatística univariada detectou-se associação entre a soropositividade e idade, uso de alimentação fresca, fonte de água, sistema de produção, presença e número de gatos na fazenda e o transito de gatos (p < 0,05). No modelo de regressão logística, transito de gatos (p = 0,001), sistema de produção (p = 0,007) e idade (p = 0,027) foram identificados como fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii.

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Toxoplasma gondii: 1908-2008, homage to Nicolle, Manceaux and Splendore

Abstract: The discovery of Toxoplasma gondii independently by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) and Splendore (1908)

Cited by 82 publications

References 119 publications

Toxoplasmosis in Rodents: Ecological Survey and First Evidences in Thailand

Toxoplasmosis in Rodents: Ecological Survey and First Evidences in Thailand

Ovine toxoplasmosis

Prevalence and risk factors associated with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep from Bahia state, Brazil

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